From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 16.5 Date: Mon, 14 Aug 2006 00:51:22 -0500 16.5 transliteration: m Dd grg(w) translation: Don't speak lies This sentence involves a negative imperative. Here the negation is accomplished by the imperative form 'm' of the verb 'jmj' followed by the negatival complement of the verb whose action is negated. In this sentence, that verb is the 2-lit. verb 'Dd'. The negatival complement is given by the base stem ("plus an ending '-w' which is often not written"), so the negatival complement of 'Dd' is just 'Dd'. The object of the verb is 'grgw' meaning "lies". So, 'm Dd grg(w)' means "don't speak lies". ******************************************************** HMWK 16.5 read from right to left (mDd grgw) (m) preposition used as the negative imperative (Dd) verb - 2-lit. = say, speak (grgw) noun =lying = Say no lying! or Speak no lies! 16.5 m Dd grgw Dd - Say!, Speak! grg - lie, falsehood There are two ways to form the negative imperative; this sentence uses the shorter of the two. It consists of the particle 'm' followed by the negatival complement of the verb (see Allen 14.17). So, m Dd = Don't say! m Dd grgw = Don't tell lies! 16.5 m Dd grgw Don't tell lies! m = "don't" negative word Dd = "tell", negatival complement grgw = "lies" This is an example of the two-part negative imperative, with the negative 'm ' followed by the negatival complement of the verb 'Dd', "say" or "tell". The noun 'grgw', "lies", is the object of the imperative. ********************************************* Exercise 16.5 m Dd grgw "Don't tell lies." m Dd - m + imperative of 2-lit. verb Dd "Don't say, don't speak" grgw - "lies" object of the imperative. This is a negated imperative in 'm'. The object is the single verb 'grgw' from 'grg' "lies". So literally, "Do not speak lies." ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 16.1 Date: Mon, 14 Aug 2006 00:50:19 -0500 16.1 Transliteration mA wj r.Tn nTrw my m Sms.j jmj n.j jA(jw) Translation See me, gods. Come, following me. Give me praise. Notes This is a series of three sentences using the imperative. In the first, we find the imperative form of the verb mAA, "to see," using the base stem. It is followed by the 1S dependent pronoun, which is the direct object of the verb. Then we have the enclitic particle "r" (variant of ir.f - see 16.7.2) with 2nd person plural suffix pronoun attached. It is not translated, although we might translate it as "so" or "now." Next is the vocative noun nTrw. In the next sentence, we have the imperative form of the verb "come." Next is an "m + infinitive" construction with the infinitive Sms and the 1S suffix pronoun as its object. In the final sentence, we have the imperative form of the verb rdi, followed by the dative "n" and the 1S suffix pronoun. The final word is the noun "jAjw" - praise. 16.1 read from left to right (mA wj r.Tn nTrw, my Sms.j, jmj n.j jA) (mA) verb - 2ae-inf. =see This is the imperative (wj) dependent pronoun - 1MS - the object of the imperative (r) preposition - (.Tn) suffix pronoun - 2PL =you, your The subject of the imperative (nTrw) plural noun - gods = See me, gods! ********************************************************************* 16.1 Let's divide this into 3 parts: Part 1 mA wj r.Tn nTrw mA - imperative of the 2-ae gem. verb mAA 'see'. This is a hard verb; it varies between the base stem and the geminate stem in the infinitive. (see discussion in section 14.3.2.c) wj - dependent pronoun 'me' - object of the imperative. nTrw - gods r.Tn - enclitic particle, commonly used with imperatives. (see Allen 16.7.2). If you had to translate it, you could try "pertaining to you (pl)" Translating this first section, you get: "See me (yeah, you), O gods! Part 2 my m Sms.j Like most basic verbs (come, go, be, give), the verb 'come' has several irregular forms. The imperative uses the form 'mj', Come! Here, the transliteration 'my' is used because it is a plural form (gods are being addressed). See Allen 16.2.2. Sms - infinitive, 'to follow'. Sms.j - 'to follow me'. m Sms.j - literally, "in to-follow me". See chapter 14. The infinitive can be used after the preposition 'm' to indicate concomitant action - action that takes place at the same time as the main verb: "Come and follow me!" or "Come, following me!". Part 3 jm(j) n.j jA(w) jm(j) - another irregular imperative. This, from the verb 'to give'. Allen 16.2.3. jm(j) n.j - "Give to me!". jA(w) - "praise"; object of the imperative. Translation: Give me praise! 16.1 mA wj r·Tn nTrw my m Sms·j jm(j) n·j jA(jw) See me, gods! Come, following me, and give me praise! mA = "see", imperative wj = "me", 1s dependent pronoun r·Tn enclitic particle with 2pl suffix pronoun, untranslated nTrw = "gods", vocative my = "come", plural imperative - variant form with 'y' ending m Sms·j = "following me", m + infinitive + 1s suffix pronoun jmj = "give", imperative n·j = "to me", dative jAjw = "praise", object of 'jmj' This exercise contains three imperative phrases. The first is 'mA wj r.Tn nTrw'. This begins with the verb 'mA', "see"; this verb can use either stem in the imperative (=A716.1). The object of the verb is the dependent pronoun 'wj'. The noun 'nTrw', "gods", is a vocative referring to the subject of the imperative. 'r·k', literally "with your respect to yourselves", is the enclitic particle 'r·f' with a 2nd person pronoun, which relates the verb to the person(s) addressed (=A716.7.2). The second phrase is 'my m Sms·j', where the irregular imperative 'my',"come", shows the alternative form of the plural imperative of weak verbs (=A716.2.2). The phrase 'm Sms·j' is an infinitive used after the preposition'm' to express concomitant action (=A714.11.2) with the suffix pronoun '·j' as object of the infinitive. The third phrase is 'jmj n·j jAjw', where 'jmj' is the usual imperative of'rdj', "give" (=A716.2.3). The pronomial dative 'n·j', in accordance with the normal word order (=A716.3), comes before the object of the imperative 'jAjw'. ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY 16.6 Date: Mon, 14 Aug 2006 00:52:58 -0500 16.6 read from right to left (broken down into the individual phrases. (m sbnw, jr r.k hmw, Sdj hr nfryt) (m) preposition = negative imperative (sbnw) verb - caus. 3ae-inf. =go off course = Don't go off course, (jrj) verb - 3ae-inf. = make, do (r) preposition (.k) suffix pronoun = 2MS , you, your (hmw) - noun = rudder = do the rudder, QUESTION: I'm not really sure how the (r) comes into this phrase. Can someone help me, please? (Sdj) - verb - 3ae-inf. = take, pull, rescue (because it is a rope, I inferred that pull was the best translation) (hr) preposition = on (nfryt) noun = tiller rope = pull on the tiller rope. ****************************************************************** 16.6 m sbn, jr r.k Hmw, Sd Hr nfryt words: sbn = go off course, preceded by negating m; so negative complement is root + w, where w not always written, as in this example jr = make, do, work, act as; Hmw = rudder; Sd = take, pull, rescue 3ae-inf; nfryt = tiller-rope analysis: 3 short commands: one negative, two positive a. negative = m + neg. compl. = m sbn = do not go off course b. jr r.k = work to you c. Sd Hr = pull on finally as per Allen: don't go off course, work the rudder, pull on the tiller rope 16.6 Transliteration: m sbn jr r.k hmw Sd Hr nfryt Translation: Don't go off course. Work (literally 'do') the rudder, pull on the tiller-rope. m = don't - mjr don't. Negation of imperative ( m + negatival completent of jrj "do" sbn = go off course - negitival complement formed with base stem plus ending - w (not often written) 14.17 the negatival complement of verbs with geminated roots uses the geminated stem without an ending. jr = Work, do - verb stem 3ae-inf imperative. r.k = with respect to yourself - (particle-enclitic) especially common with w imperatives. hmw = rudder Sd = take, pull, rescue,verb stem(verb 3ae - inf)- imperative Hr= on - perposition nfryt = tiller rope - noun 16.6 m sbn jr r.k Hmw Sd Hr nfryt S16.4 - negation of the imperative = m + negatival complement m = imperative = don't sbnw = verb cause. 3ae-inf = go off course base stem = sbn negatival complement = base stem + w sbn(w) = negatival complement = go off course m sbn(w) = don't go off course! (S14.7 - negatival complement ... is formed with the base stem + 'w', which is often not written) jrj = verb 3ae-inf = make, do jr = base stem infinitive = base + t imperative = base jr = imperative = make, do! r.k = enclitic particle (S16.7.2) = in respect of yourself = so Hmw = noun = rudder jr r.k Hmw = so do your rudder = so work your rudder Sdj = verb 3ae-inf = take, pull, rescue Sd = base stem infinitive = base stem + t imperative = base stem Sd = imperative = pull! Hr = preposition = on nfryt = noun = tiller rope Sd Hr nfryt = pull on the tiller rope m sbn jr r.k Hmw Sd Hr nfryt = Don't go off course! So, work your rudder, pull on the tiller rope! ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 16.4 Date: Mon, 14 Aug 2006 12:16:36 -0500 16.4 Transliteration sHtm grgw, sxpr mAat, jmj bw-Dw r tA Translation: Annihilate lying, bring about Maat, put evil down (to the ground). Notes Here are three phrases using the imperative. The first uses the imperative of the causative 3-lit. verb sHtm, from the3-lit verb Htm, "perish." Its object is grgw, "lying." The second uses the imperative of the causative 3-lit. verb sxpr, from the3-lit. verb xpr, "to come into being." Its object is "Maat." The third uses the imperative of the irregular verb rdi. Its object isbw-Dw, "evil," followed by the prepositional phrase "r tA," "to the ground. ************************************************************************* 16.4 sHtm grgw, sxpr mAat, jmj bw-dw r tA words: sHtm = annihilate, caus. 3-lit; grg= lie, 3-lit + w = lying (noun) sxpr = bring about, make, become, create; caus. 3-lit; jmj = give/put, its normal imperative form; bw-dw = evil; tA = land, r-tA = down analysis: 3 short imperatives a. sHtm - verb root b. sxpr - verb root c. jmj - special form literally: annihilate lying; create/bring about maat; give/put evil to the ground/down finally as per Allen: annihilate lying, bring about maat, put down evil **************************************************************** 16.4 ORIENTATION: horizontal, right to left, normal TRANSLITERATION: S29-V28-X1:U15-G17-G41-G37-W12:D21-U17-G37:Z2-S29-L1-D21-U2:Aa11- D36:X1-H6-Y1:Z2-M17-G17-Aa15:D36-D58-Z7-N26-Z7-G37:D21-N16:N23*Z1 S29-V28-X1:U15-G17-G41-G37 - s-H-t{complement}:tm-m{complement}-{DET pintail duck landing, don't know what this is doing here}-{DET sparrow, negative} W12:D21-U17-G37:Z2 g(complement):r(complement)-grg-{DET sparrow, negative}:{DET plural strokes} S29-L1-D21 s-xpr-r{complement} U2:Aa11-D36:X1-H6-Y1:Z2 mA{complement}:mAa-a{complement}:t-{DET feather (of Maat)}-{DET writing, concept}:{DET plural strokes} M17-G17-Aa15:D36 j-m-m{complement}:{DET var for D38} D58-Z7-N26-Z7-G37 b-w-Dw-w{complement}-{DET bad} D21 r N16:N23*Z1 tA:{DET land}*{DET read as ideogram} sHtm grgw sxpr mAat jm(j) bw-Dw r tA VOCABULARY: sHtm verb (c3lit) - "annihilate" grg noun (m) - "lie" sxpr verb (c3lit) - "bring about, create" mAat noun (fem) - "Maat, concord, stability, truth" bw-Dw noun (m) - "evil" jmj - imperative for dj r - preposition tA - noun (m) - "ground" GRAMMAR: sHtm - imperative grgw - object of sHtm sXpr - imperative mAat - object of sXpr jmj - imperative bw-Dw - object of jmj r tA - prep phrase, r could mean approach or separation TRANSLATION: "Annihilate lies, create Maat, put evil to/from the ground/Earth" NOTE: Maat is spelled with plural strokes. Allen does not comment on this. ******************************************************* 16.4 sHtm grgw sxpr mAat jmj bw-Dw r tA Annihilate lying, bring about Maat, put evil down. sHtm verb caus. 3-lit annihilate grgw noun lying sxpr verb caus. 3-lit bring about mAat noun Maat jmj imperative give bw-Dw evil tA land r tA down ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 16.2 Date: Mon, 14 Aug 2006 12:14:11 -0500 16.2 transliteration: Sm swt xA n.j nA n jtj ntj m mXr translation: But go, measure for me the barley/grain which is in the storehouse There are two clauses in this sentence. The first clause is 'Sm swt', where 'Sm' is an imperative from the 3ae-inf verb 'Smj' meaning "go". As typical, the imperative is just the verb's root. 'swt' is an enclitic particle which signals that the clause contrasts with a previous one (which is not printed here); as such, "but" is a likely translation for this word. So, 'Sm swt' can be translated as "But go". The second clause is 'xA n.j nA n jtj ntj m mXr'. Like the first clause, this one involves an imperative; here the imperative is 'xA' from the 3ae-inf. verb 'xAj' meaning "measure" (the form of the imperative is the root of the verb). The object of the verb in the second clause is given be the phrase 'nA n jtj ntj m mXr'. 'jtj' is modified by the direct relative clause 'ntj m mXr', which has an adverbial predicate given by the prepositional phrase 'm mXr' meaning "in the storehouse". So 'nA n jtj ntj m nXr' means "the barley which is in the storehouse". 16.2 Sm swt, xA n.j nA n jtj ntj m pA mXr words: Sm = go, depart, walk, 3ae-inf swt = but; xA=measure, weigh, examine 3ae-inf jtj=barley; mXr=storehouse analysis: two imperatives: Sm and Xa - just the verb root Xa followed by direct object + indirect/dative pronoun - so VdO sequence: measure/weigh for me the barley then follows relative clause introduced by ntj finally as per Allen: but go, measure for me the barley that is in the storehouse 16.2 Sm swt xA n.j nA n jtj ntj m pA mXr Smj = verb 3 ae-inf = go, walk base stem = Sm infinitive = base + t imperative = base Sm = imperative = go swt = enclitic particle = but Smj swt = But, go! xAj = verb 3ae-inf = measure, weigh base stem = xA infinitive = base + t imperative = base xA = imperative = weigh! n.j = preposition + suffix pronoun = for me nA = demonstrative pronoun (S5.9: neutral used with plural noun and joined to it by 'n' BUT - S5.10.3 - in some cases the demonstrative sense is weak and nA = the) nA n = the jtj = barley, grain n.j nA n jtj = measure for me the barley ntj = relative adjective = that (is) (S12.3 and S12.4) m = preposition = in pA = demonstrative pronoun (ms) = the (as for nA above) mXr = noun = storehouse ntj m pA mXr = that is in the storehouse Sm swt xA n.j nA n jtj ntj m pA mXr = But go, measure for me the barley that is in the storehouse NB Although Allen does not specifically say so, I have assumed that the imperative of the ae-inf verbs is the base stem. 16.2 Sm swt xA n.j nA n jtj ntj m pA mXr But go, measure for me the barley that is in the storehouse. Smj verb 3ae-inf. go imperative commands action Sm verb root swt particle but xA verb 3ae-inf. measure n.j pronominal dative for me nA n the jtj noun barley ntj relative adjective that m preposition in pA demonstrative the mXr noun storehouse ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY ASSIGNMENTS LESSON 16 Date: Tue, 15 Aug 2006 23:19:53 -0500 m Htp Gang, here are the assignments for Lesson 16. most of the first week's collation have already been posted. As usual, please feel free to send questions and discuss the grammar. best, Karen *************************************************************************= Week one 16.1-16.8 due Sunday August 20 Week two 16.9-16.17 due Sunday August 27 Week three 16.18-16.25 due Sunday September 3 Week four 16.26-16.34 due Sunday September 10 ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 16.8 Date: Tue, 15 Aug 2006 15:18:26 -0500 16.8 jm(j) TAw n ntj m jtmw jm(j) - the verb 'to give/put' is 'rdj'. However, the imperative is irregular; it is jm(j), "Give!". TAw - air, wind, breath. jm(j) TAw - "Give (some) air!" jm(j) TAw n - "Give (some) air to ....." Now we have to figure out WHO is going to get the air. ------------------------ ntj m jtmw I had to go back and review Allen's chapter 12, the section on relative clauses. The word 'ntj' is the masculine singular form of the relative adjective. It serves as the SUBJECT of a direct relative clause. The PREDICATE of the clause is the prepositional phrase 'm jtmw', meaning 'in suffocation'. So the relative clause can be translated as: "who is in suffocation". Now, most relative clauses have an antecedent, for example: "The CAT which is in the hat" "The BOAT which is in the harbor", or "The MAN who is in suffocation" In our sentence here, there is no overt antecedent; in cases like this, you can translate the relative marker as 'he who', or 'she who', or the like. Final translation: Give air to the one in suffocation. Give some air to him who is in suffocation. 16.8 Transliteration: jmj TAw n ntj m jtmw Translation: Give air to the one who is suffocating - lit: who is in suffocation. jmj = give, put, cause - imperative (16.2.3) 3ae-inf. TAw = air, wind, breath. - object, noun n = to, for (dative) ntj = who, which (relative adjective) m = in - preposition jtmw = suffocation - noun ************************************* 16.8 jmj TAw n ntj m jtmw Give air to the one who is suffocating (in suffocation). jmj imperative 3 ae-inf. give TAw noun air n to ntj relative adjective who m in jtmw noun suffocation 16.8 jmj TAw n ntj m jtmw Give air to the one suffocating (literally 'to the one in the state of suffocation') jmj is an imperative form of rdj - to give ntj m jtmw is a direct relative clause ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 16.3 Date: Tue, 15 Aug 2006 15:16:45 -0500 16.3 transliteration: m qA xrw.k sxtj translation: Don't raise your voice, peasant This sentence involves a negative imperative. Here the negation is accomplished by the imperative form 'm' of the verb 'jmj' followed by the negatival complement of the verb whose action is negated. In this sentence, that verb is the 3ae-inf. 'qAj' meaning "high". The negatival complement of a 3ae-inf. verb is the base stem ("plus an ending '-w' which is often not written"), so the negatival complement of 'qAj' is 'qA'. The object of the verb is 'xrw.k' meaning "your voice". In the back of the book, Allen states that 'qAj' is an adjective-verb meaning "high". An adjective-verb normally describes a change in the state of its subject and wouldn't normally take an object. Used transitively, though, to make something "be high" is to raise it. So we have that 'm qA xrw.k' means "Don't raise your voice". In this sentence, 'sxtj' ("peasant") is a vocative expression giving an explicit reference to the person addressed. 16.3 m qA xrw.k sxtj qA - imperative form of the adjective-verb 'qAj' - to be high, or to make something high. (Adjective verbs describe a change in quality.) xrw - voice xrw.k - your (masc. sg.) voice sxtj - peasant One way to form the NEGATIVE of an imperative (DON'T do thisor that) is to combine the particle 'm' with the negatival complement of the verb. See chapter 14.17; to form the negativalcomplement, add the ending -w to the base stem. Except sometimes the -w is not written. Apparently that's the case in this sentence. So, m qA = DON'T raise! Don't raise your voice, peasant! ******************************************** Exercise 16.3 m qA xrw.k sxtj "Don't raise your voice, peasant." m qA - m + imperative (or negative complement?) of the 3ae-inf adj-verb qAj "to be tall" xrw.k - "your voice" object of the imperative sxtj - "peasant" vocative, refers to the subject of the imperative m+imperative is a negative form, usually translated as "Don't". English and Egyptian word order match here, so the literal form is intelligible: "Don't get tall your voice peasant." Rendered more naturally we have: "Don't let your voice get tall, peasant," or as in the answer key, "Don't raise your voice, peasant," for the equivalent English idiom. 16.3 ORIENTATION: horizontal, right to left, normal TRANSLITERATION: G17-N29-G1-A28-P8-Z7-A2-V31A-M20-X1:Z4-A1 G17 m N29-G1-A28 q-A-{DET man with arms raised high} P8-Z7-A2-V31A xr-w-{DET man with hand to mouth}-k M20-X1:Z4-A1 sxtj-t{complement]:j{complement}-{DET kneeling man} m qA xrw.k sxtj VOCABULARY: jmj - negative verb qAj - adjective verb (3ai) - "high" xrw - noun - "voice" k - 2nd person masc sing suffix pronoun sxtj - noun - "peasant" GRAMMAR: m is the imperative form of jmj m qA - m + negatival complement hrw.k - object of the verbal construct m qA sxtj - vocative TRANSLATION: literal: "Do not high voice yours, peasant." sense: "Do not raise your voice, peasant." *********************************************** 16.3 m qA hrw=k sxtj Do not raise your voice, peasant. negation of the imperative (16.4) qAi (verb 3ae-inf) "high" i.e. literally (Don't make your voice high, peasant) ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 16.7 Date: Tue, 15 Aug 2006 15:14:28 -0500 16.7 sDm r.k n.j sDm - imperative of verb 'to hear'. sDm n.j - Hear (to) me! r.k - literally, "pertaining to you (masc.sg)". This form is often found after imperatives. See Allen 16.7.2. It can probably be safely ignored in the translation. Translation: Hear me! Or more colloquially: "Hey you! Listen up!" --------------------------------------- 16.7 m.k nfr sDm n r(m)T m.k - introductory particle, 'behold' nfr sDm - sentence with an adjectival predicate. "Listening is good.", or "Hearing is good." (Remember from lesson 7 that the predicate comes first, then the subject.) nfr sDm n r(m)T - listening is good for people. (For the abbreviated spelling r(m)T, see Allen 2.8.1.) PS - I thought this sentence was familiar; it is exercise sentence 15 from lesson 7!) ---------------------------------------------- Sms hrw nfr Sms - imperative 'Follow!, from the verb Smsj hrw nfr - good day, holiday. Translation: Follow a holiday! Observe a holiday! Take a day off! ----------------------------------------------- 16.7 smx mH smx - causative verb meaning 'to forget'. Causative verbs are formed by prefixing 's' to an existing verb. Allen says that the simplex of smx is the verb 'xm', 'to not know' The logic is clear; if you MAKE yourself not know something, thenyou're forgetting it. Question: why the metathesis? Why isn't the causative *sxm? mH - infinitive of the triliteral verb mHj - to care, worry. This infinitive, like all infinitives, is a verbal noun, and can be used in slots where regular nouns are used. Here it'sused as the object of the imperative 'smx' Translation: Forget to-worry, or Forget worrying, or Forget your cares. 16.7 sDm r·k n·j m·k nfr sDm n r(m)T Sms hrw nfr smx mH Listen to me. Look, listening is good for people. Follow a holiday and forget worrying. sDm = "listen", imperative r·k enclitic particle with 2ms suffix pronoun, untranslated n·j = "to me", dative m·k = "look", proclitic particle nfr = "good", adjectival predicate sDm = "listening", infinitive, the subject of the adjectival predicate n rmT = "for people", dative Sms = "follow", imperative, from 4AE-INF. 'Smsj' hrw nfr = "a holiday", literally "good day" smx = "forget", imperative mH = "worrying", infinitive of 3AE-INF. 'mhj' The particle 'm·k' always starts a main clause or independent sentence (=A716.6.7). It is preceded by 'sDm r·k n·j' which, therefore, must be a separate sentence. The same sentence occurs in =A716.6.2, where it is given asan example of the use of the particle 'r·k' after an imperative. It is translated there as "Listen to me". The proclitic particle 'm·k' introduces the sentence: 'm·k nfr sDm n rmT'. The next word is 'Sms', a verb. Since Egyptian word order dictates that the verb comes first in verbal sentences, 'Sms' is likely to be the start of a new clause or sentence. The sentence 'm·k nfr sDm n rmT' is a non-verbal sentence with adjectival predicate. The predicate is 'nfr', and it comes before the subject 'sDm', an infinitive used as a noun. This sentence was used as an example in =A714.13 (and also, without 'm·k', as Ex. 7.15), where it was translated "Look, to listen is good for people". This leaves 'Sms hrw nfr smx mH', which contains two verbal clauses. The context suggests that they are imperatives. Each verb is followed by its object. The first clause is 'Sms hrw nfr', "follow a holiday", where 'Sms' is the root of the 4AE-INF. verb 'Smsj' and the object is 'hrw nfr', "holiday" (p. 462); the second is 'smx mH', "forget worrying", where 'mH' is the infinitive of the 3AE-INF. verb 'mhj'. 16.7 ORIENTATION: horizontal, right to left, normal TRANSLITERATION: F21-G17-D21:V31A:N35-A1-G17-D36:V31A-F35-I9:D21-F21-G17-N35:D21:V13- A1*B1:Z2-T18-S29-D54-O4:D21-G43-N5-Z1-F35-I9:D21-S29-G17-Aa1:D35- V23:D36-A2 F21-G17 sDm-m{complement} D21:V31A r:k N35-A1 n-j G17-D36:V31A m-{var for D38 m(complement)}-k F35-I9:D21 nfr-f{complement}:r{complement} F21-G17 sDm-m{complement} N35 n D21:V13-A1*B1:Z2 r:T-{DET people}:{DET plural strokes} T18-S29-D54 Sms-s{complement}-{DET legs walking forward} O4:D21-G43-N5-Z1 h:r-w-{DET day}-{DET read as ideogram} F35-I9:D21 nfr-f{complement}:r{complement} S29-G17-Aa1:D35 s-m-x:{DET negation} V23:D36-A2 mH:{var for D42 mH(complement)}-{DET eating, speaking, cogitation} sDm r.k n.j m.k nfr sDm n r(m)T Sms hrw nfr smx mH VOCABULARY: sDm - verb (3 lit) - "hear, listen" r - preposition k - 2nd person sing masc suffix pronoun n - preposition j - 1st person sing masc (due to the A1 sign) suffix pronoun m.k - particle - "look, behold" nfr - masc sing adj - "good, beautiful" r(m)T - fem noun - "people" Smsj - verb (4ai) - "follow" hrw nfr - noun (ms) - "holiday" smx - verb (c2l) - "forget" mHj - verb (3lit/Allen but 3ai/Faulkner) - "care, worry" GRAMMAR: sDm - imperative r.k - prepositional phrase - adverbial phrase of advantage) n.j - prepositional phrase - indirect object of sDm m.k - particle drawing attention nfr sDm - adjectival sentence, the infinitive sDm acting with nominal force n r(m)t - prepositional phrase, indirect object of sDm acting with verbal force Sms - imperative hrw nfr - object of Sms smx - imperative mH - infinitive of mHj, object of smx. If this is a 3ai verb, the form *mHt might be expected, but the t could have dropped away (14.3.2). Allen does not discuss this a possible form of 3lit verbs in chapter 14. TRANSLATION: "Listen, for your own sake, to me. Look, it is good to listen to people, follow (take) a holiday, forget cares. 16.7 sDm r=k n=i m=k nfr sDm n r(m)T Sms hrw nfr smx mH So listen to me Look! Listening is good for the people Follow the holiday and forget worrying r=k here is an enclitic particle ============================================================================== From: Paul Tempan To: AEgyptian-L@rostau.org.uk Subject: AEL Nectanebo Date: 17 Aug 2006 09:37:47 +0000 Hello, I am a researcher working on Irish place-names and things Celtic generally. I have a question about the two pharoahs named Nectanebo. I would be grateful if anyone on this list could give me an authoritative transcription of the name Nectanebo (I have found Nekhtnebef on Wikipedia, and would appeciate your comments on this form). Also I would be interested in the meaning and etymology of the name. My interest is motivated by the fact that Nectanebus is mentioned as the father of an Egyptian princess named Scota in Lebor Gab=E1la =C9renn, a pseudo-historical text also known as 'The Book of Invasions' which purports to explain the origins of the Irish. I presume that Scota herself is a pure fiction as her name is an eponym for Ireland, but I would be interested to hear if anything is known of any daughters of Nectanebo I and Nectanebo II. Many thanks Paul Tempan Research Fellow, Northern Ireland Place-Name Project Queen's University Belfast ============================================================================== From: "A. K. Eyma" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: Re: AEL Nectanebo Date: Fri, 18 Aug 2006 10:05:52 +0200 Hello, >I am a researcher working on Irish place-names and things Celtic generally. I have a question about the two pharoahs named Nectanebo. I would be grateful if anyone on this list could give me an authoritative transcription of the name Nectanebo (I have found Nekhtnebef on Wikipedia, and would appeciate your comments on this form). Also I would be interested in the meaning and etymology of the name.< **They are: Nectanebo I = nxt-nb.f [Nekht-nebef] Nectanebo II = nxt-Hr-Hbyt [Nekht-hor-hebe] The transcription is in MdC (so cannot be used on paper), between [] the Egypto-speak rendering (not how it sounded in reality). >My interest is motivated by the fact that Nectanebus is mentioned as the father of an Egyptian princess named Scota in Lebor Gabála Érenn, a pseudo-historical text also known as 'The Book of Invasions' which purports to explain the origins of the Irish. I presume that Scota herself is a pure fiction as her name is an eponym for Ireland, but I would be interested to hear if anything is known of any daughters of Nectanebo I and Nectanebo II. **I think your old writer was merely inspired by the fact that Nectanebo II was the last native pharaoh in the dynastic list of Manetho. He might additionally have been inspired by the Alexanderromance of Pseudo-Kallisthenes, according to which Nectanebo II became (via divine will and magic trickery) the biological father of Alexander the Great and thus the Ptolemaic kings. That his (presumed) daughter (presumed sole legit heir??; I do not know if we know of any children of him in reality) in similar exotic ways became the mother of the Irish kings, could be an nice Irish extrapolation of this way of thinking? Do other Irish legends not place Scota earlier, in the Babylonian era? Or is the equation Ollam Fodhla = Jeremia a much later concept? kind regards, Aayko Eyma ============================================================================== From: "Paul Wheeler" To: Subject: AEL Participle question in A.III scarab_Gilukhipa Date: Fri, 18 Aug 2006 10:21:38 +0200 In : Scarab of A.III, recording the arrival of the princess Gilukhipa [De Buck p.67] Sentence of my questionning : « bjAyt jnnyt n Hm=f » What is « jnnyt » ? 1/ My thinking is that it is a passive perfective due to context and the « y » ending. But why the use of the geminate stem. Which should not be ?? 2/ Why the plural strokes at the end of « jnnyt » ? a. is it just to agree with the noun it modifies ( « bjAyt) and thus to translate « Wonders brought to his Majesty » b. is it a participle used as a noun : « Wonders (are) what have been brought to his Majesty » ? Thanks for your helping Paul H. WHEELER paul@cliohist.net France ============================================================================== Date: Sat, 19 Aug 2006 06:30:28 +0100 (BST) From: ANGELA MANN Subject: AEL Glyph Study: Allen S16.1 - imperatives To: Ancient Egyptian Language List Can someone please tell me whether the imperative of the ae-inf verbs (and causative ae-inf) is the root or the base stem. Allen does not make this clear. S16.1: Allen says 'For most verb classes this is the verb root' but his examples for the ae-inf verbs look like the base stems (ie the root without the final weak radical). Thanks Angela ============================================================================== From: "Marianne Luban" To: AEgyptian-L@rostau.org.uk Subject: RE: AEL Participle question in A.III scarab_Gilukhipa Date: Sat, 19 Aug 2006 16:19:45 -0700 >From: "Paul Wheeler" > >In : Scarab of A.III, recording the arrival of the princess Gilukhipa [De >Buck p.67] >Sentence of my questionning : « bjAyt jnnyt n Hm=f » > >What is « jnnyt » ? I think it denotes something brought *from* somewhere and is the modifier of the noun. >1/ My thinking is that it is a passive perfective due to context and the >« y » ending. But why the use of the geminate stem. Which should not be ?? > >2/ Why the plural strokes at the end of « jnnyt » ? > a. is it just to agree with the noun it modifies ( « bjAyt) and thus >to >translate « Wonders brought to his Majesty » > b. is it a participle used as a noun : « Wonders (are) what have been >brought to his Majesty » ? It seems to me the "wonders" could be in the plural and therefore, so is the descriptive modifier, "innyt". I suppose it could literally mean "wonders having been brought to his majesty". However, it's possible that the three strokes can have been made so that the /t/ at the end of both words isn't just hanging over nothing--and that it is just a single wonder. Plurality is shown differently for other nouns in this brief text--so it's hard to say. If this is a plural noun, the "wonders" may have been the princess and her 317 women. On balance, though, I am inclined to believe all are lumped together in a single "wonder". ============================================================================== From: "M.J.Nederhof" Subject: Re: AEL Participle question in A.III scarab_Gilukhipa To: Ancient Egyptian Language List Date: Sat, 19 Aug 2006 14:05:02 +0200 > In : Scarab of A.III, recording the arrival of the >princess Gilukhipa [De > Buck p.67] > Sentence of my questionning : « bjAyt jnnyt n Hm=f » > > What is « jnnyt » ? > > 1/ My thinking is that it is a passive perfective due to >context and the > « y » ending. But why the use of the geminate stem. >Which should not be ?? Your question contains the answer. It must be an imperfective participle. The "y" may well occur with imperfective participles, and my guess is that the author used that form to place the reader back in time to when the event happened, as if it were ongoing, or otherwise to stress the duration of the event. > 2/ Why the plural strokes at the end of « jnnyt » ? > a. is it just to agree with the noun it modifies ( >« bjAyt) and thus to > translate « Wonders brought to his Majesty » It does not seem clear to me that bjAyt was singular and was felt to be singular in all occurrences. Note bjAw, which Hannig classifies as plural; often there is confusion between w and y in the orthography. As Gilukhipa is accompanied by 317 women, use of plural, in noun and following participle, can be easily explained. I have nevertheless taken the poetic liberty to translate bjAyt by singular "marvel". > b. is it a participle used as a noun : « Wonders >(are) what have been > brought to his Majesty » ? That seems a plausible interpretation. When you're finished with your translation (and not before) you can take a peek at my translation at: http://www.let.rug.nl/~markjan/egyptian/texts/ Mark-Jan ============================================================================== From: "Paul Wheeler" To: "'Ancient Egyptian Language List'" Subject: RE: AEL Glyph Study: Allen S16.1 - imperatives Date: Sat, 19 Aug 2006 13:40:03 +0200 In Gardiner : "a final semi-vowel is never shown and gemination is also unusual". In Grandet/Matthieu : "+ strong verbs use the verb root ; + 2-litt sometimes show the prothetic j (allen 16.2.1) + weak verbs are written without their last consonnant j or w + geminated verbs do not duplicate the consonnat." Seems to mean the base stem is used. Paul H. WHEELER paul@cliohist.net FRANCE -----Message d'origine----- Can someone please tell me whether the imperative of the ae-inf verbs (and causative ae-inf) is the root or the base stem ============================================================================== Date: Sun, 20 Aug 2006 17:56:32 +0100 (BST) From: ANGELA MANN Subject: RE: AEL Glyph Study: Allen S16.1 - imperatives To: Ancient Egyptian Language List Paul, Thanks - it would appear that way to me as well. I would have thought that this was such a basic piece of grammar that lots of people would have replied - but you are the only one so far!! Maybe everyone is on holiday! It would be nice if someone could say, authoratively, that the imperative of the ae-inf verbs is definitely the base stem (or root - or whatever!). However, I hope to start a hieroglyphics course in a few weeks' time, so I will ask the tutor to confirm this! Best wishes Angela ==============================================================================