EXERCISE IV, PART A

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	Commentary and Suggested amendments
	Section a) Put iw at the beginning of examples 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, to make them statements of fact. For ex. 4, delete the second clause beginning with ix. In example 7, delete the last clause (DAi=f....)   Section b). Ex. 6: Change to: "We stand up ...". Ex. 8: Change to: "You go down in peace.."

EX. IV, PART A.

Transliteration and translation of hieroglyphs

	TRANSLITERATION	TRANSLATION
	1 nfr zA sDm=f n it=f iw=f m Xrd di=f sxr pn m ib=f sxA=f sw ra nb mk tw Dd tw r=f Sw sw m Dw.t nb.t	A son is good, who listens to his father as a child, who keeps this advice in his heart (mind), and who remembers it every day. See, one says of him, "He is free of all evil !" This is a complex and lengthy text. The first two words represent a simple sentence with adjectival predicate ('A son is good'). The subject is nominal (zA, son), the predicate is the adjective, nfr, used as a noun. This is followed by three subordinate clauses, all beginning with verbs, of the circumstantial sDm=f form. The last sentence begins with the particle mk, followed by the indefinite pronoun tw, meaning 'one'. The verb following is a circumstantial/aorist sDm=f, with the indefinite pronoun following, then r=f ('concerning him'). The final sentence represents a spoken utterance. It appears to be in a nfr sw construction (ie. adjectival predicate), with a following adverbial clause modifying the predicate adjective. I have my reservations about the use of this word as an adjective (cf. Faulkner gives as a verb).
	2.iw xai ra m ax.t wbn=f m pt nfr ib nb mAA=sn sw	The sun appears in the horizon and shines in the sky. Every heart (mind) is happy when they see it. The first is a verbal sentence with a verbal co-ordinate clause. Subject is ra ('sun'), verb is 3rd weak, circumstantial/aorist sDm=f. Predicate is adverbial, preposition+noun, m ax.t, 'on the horizon'. Second clause is a similar construction. Second sentence is one with adjectival predicate (nfr sw construction). Subject is nominal, ib nb, 'every heart'. Predicate is nfr, 'good/happy'. The final clause consists of the circumstantial sDm=f form of the verb mAA, 'see', with a suffix pronoun subject (3rd person plural) and a dependent pronoun object (3rd person masc. sing.).
	3.bin.wy itrw Sw m mw	How bad is the river when it is empty (of (in) water.
	4. iw Dd=k st n it.y [ix Dd=f n bAk=f m mit.t]	You say it to the monarch.
	5. aA.wy pr=k aSA sw m x.t nb.t nfr.t	How great is your house! It is rich in every beautiful thing.
	6.iw xm=f sxr pn iqr	He does not know this excellent plan.
	7. iw hAb=sn dp.t r niw.t [DAi=f Tw im=s]	They send a boat to the city.