EXERCISE III, PART A

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	Commentary and Suggested amendments
	Section a) Put iw at the beginning of all the hieroglyphic sentences that do not already have it, ie. 1, 2, 3,4, 6, 7, 9. Also replace ix in 5 with iw. Delete the second clause/sentence in number 4.   Section b). Again, begin all hieroglyphic sentences you write with iw. b3: Change to : "Your name is heard by the vizier." b6: Delete the second clause ("that we may cross in it").

EX. III, PART A.

Transliteration and translation of hieroglyphs

	TRANSLITERATION	TRANSLATION
	1 iw Dd=Tn rn=Tn n zS pn	You say your name to this scribe. With initial iw, this is a verbal statement with the suffix pronoun Tn (2nd person pl., 'you') as the subject and Dd ... rn=Tn n zS pn as the verbal predicate. The verb, Dd is the aorist/circumstantial form. The plural suffix pronoun on rn, name, seems an unlikely situation.
	2. iw mAA z sA.t=f m pr=f iw=f m rSwt	A man sees his daughter in his house. He is joyous (lit. 'in joy'). With initial iw. The first sentence is verbal, with subject z (man). Verbal predicate is mAA ... sA.t=f m pr=f. Verb is circumstantial/aorist sDm=f form. Second sentence is a non-verbal or adverbial sentence. It begins with iw, and could be treated as either an independent sentence (as above), or a coordinate clause ("and he is joyous"). Subject is the (3d pers. sing. masc.) suffix pronoun '=f', "He". Adverbial predicate (m rSwt) consisting of the preposition m ('of predication' followed by a noun ("'joy").
	3. iw DA ra pt m wiA=f	Ra crosses the sky in his sacred bark. With initial iw. Verbal sentence. Subject is Ra (the sun god), verb is DAi (cross, ferry across) and is the aorist/circumstantial form, object of verb is pt (sky), predicate is DA ... pt m wiA=f.
	4. iw hAb it=i sA=f r niw.t [Dd=f sxr n zS]	The father sends his son to the town. With initial iw. Verbal statement of fact. Subject is it, 'father'. Verb is hAb (to send) aorist/circumstantial form. Object of verb is sA=f, 'his son'. Disregard the second clause. Gardiner wanted it translated something like, "... that he may say a plan to the scribe". However, the verb form required for this meaning is not the circumstantial sDm=f (it is the prospective).
	5. iw sDm=k sStA pn	You hear this secret. Change the initial particle to iw. Gardiner had the initial particle ix, and was expecting it to translate as a wish "Then you shall hear this secret". Unfortunately, wishes utilise the prospective sDm=f. If you switch to iw, then it is a simple statement of fact, with subject 2nd pers. sing. suffix pronoun =k (you). Object is the nominal phrase, sStA pn (this secret). Circumstantial/aorist verb form.
	6. rS TAt.y mAA=f Hr=s	The vizier is glad when he sees her face.   If we take rS as an adjective (joyful, glad), then this is a sentence with adjectival predicate. Subject is TAt.y (vizier), predicate is rS (glad), with a subordinate clause introduced by the verb mAA (to see) in the circumstantial form, so "when he sees..". Nominal phrase Hr=s, her face.
	7. iw Dd ptH m r=f Ds=f	Ptah speaks from his own mouth (lit. his mouth of himself). With initial iw. Verbal sentence. Subject is nominal (Ptah). Predicate is Dd...m r=f Ds=f. Verb Dd is circumstantial/aorist. Note the 3rd pers. masc. sing. suffix pronouns attached to the nouns r, mouth; and Ds (own/self).
	8. iw=T m bAk.t=i	You are my maid-servant. Non-verbal sentence (or Adverbial sentence). Subject is =T (you), the 2nd pers. fem. sing. suffix pronoun. Adverbial predicate consists of a preposition,m (m of predication) and the nominal phrase bAk.t=i (my maid servant).
	9. iw hAb tw bAk r niw.t Hr kAt tn	The man-servant is sent to the city concerning this work. With initial iw. Verbal statement of fact, using the passive circumstantial/aorist sDm=f. Subject is bAk, man-servant.