EXERCISES for lesson III

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Suggested modifications to lesson III   i. As mentioned in lesson II, add the particle iw to the beginning of verbal phrases or sentences used throughout the lesson. This makes them plain statements of fact. ii. Replace the older english words (eg. "thou art", "thou sayest") with modern equivalents. iii. Disregard section 40 for now. It mixes a few different verb forms together. The verb form we are sticking to at the moment is the circumstantial sDm=f (and sDm.n=f) as described in the so called Standard Theory based largely on the work of Polotsky. These do not denote mood, and the tense is often relative (to the preceding text). In modern general linguistic treatments (not Standard Theory), as proposed by Loprieno, Collier etc. they would call this verb form by another name. Loprieno treats what ST'ers call the circumstantial sDm=f as the aorist. So, I will often call verb forms "circumstantial / aorist", denoting the terms used by both camps. For a ST or Polotskyan treatment see Hoch's grammar. For general linguistic treatments see Loprieno (Ancient Egyptian) or Collier (Lingua Aegyptia (1994) 4:57-87). Exercises Section a) Put iw at the beginning of all the hieroglyphic sentences that do not already have it, ie. 1, 2, 3,4, 6, 7, 9. Also replace ix in 5 with iw. Delete the second clause/sentence in number 4.   Section b). Again, begin all hieroglyphic sentences you write with iw. b3: Change to : "Your name is heard by the vizier." b6: Delete the second clause ("that we may cross in it").   Vocabulary In these early chapters, Gardiner does not indicate verbs where the 3rd consonant is one of the so-called 'weak' consonants (i or w). The verb involved is: xai (to fare downstream) hAi (go down) Please correct this in the vocabulary transliteration, and use the full form in all transliterations.

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