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- 1. The scribe goes down in another boat.
- iw hAi zS pn m k.t dp.t
- Verbal sentence with zS pn, 'this scribe' as (nominal) subject; hAi (3rd weak vb.) aorist/circumstantial verb form; m k.t dp.t, 'in another boat', prepositional phrase acting as an adverbial
modifier of the predicative verb. Note gender agreements of pn and k.t with their respective nouns.
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- 2. Ptah knows this counsel.
- iw rx ptH sxr pn
- Verbal sentence, with ptH, 'Ptah', as (nominal)subject; sxr pn, 'this plan', as direct object. The verb, rx ('to know') is aorist/circumstantial sDm=f verb form.
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- 3.This poor man/commoner/citizen fares downstream to the city (and)
the house is in joy
- iw xdi nDs pn r niw.t iw pr m rSw.t
- Verbal sentence, with nDs pn, 'this commoner', as (nominal) subject; xdi... r niw.t, 'goes downstream to the city', as predicate. The verb, xdi (3rd weak, 'to go downstream/north') is aorist/circumstantial
sDm=f verb form.
- iw pr m rSw.t can be treated as a separate sentence, or as a coordinate clause. It would be much easier if the two clauses were reversed, then
the verbal clause could be circumstantial and it would make more
sense: 'The house is in joy WHEN this citizen goes north.'
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- 4. The moon rises in the sky
- iw wbn iaH m p.t
- Verbal sentence. Subject = iaH, 'moon'; predicate = 'rises in the sky'; verb wbn, 'to rise', is a circumstantial/aorist verb form.
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- 5. The scribe is silent by day and by night. [render: in day, in night]
- iw gr zS m hrw m grH
Verbal sentence. Subject = zS, 'scribe'; predicate is gr...m hrw m grH, 'silent day and night'.Verb, gr (to keep silence), is a circumstantial/aorist verb form.
- A word for 'and' is not generally needed. There is no "the",
either, in these phrases because they represent a phase of the
language when no (definite) article was used. After the New Kingdom
you start seeing "the" which is pA (masc.) and tA (fem.)
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- 6. This land is in joy (when) Re goes down into the (sacred) bark.
- iw tA pn m rSw.t hAi ra i wiA
- Sentence with a main clause and a subordinate clause. The main
clause is non-verbal, the subordinate clause is verbal (aorist/circumstantial
verb form).
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- 7. A good pool is in this city
- iw S nfr m niw.t tn
- Non verbal sentence with adverbial predicate. Subject is S nfr, A/the good pool'; adverbial predicate (ie. a preposition + noun)
is m niw.t tn, 'in this city'.
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- 8. This woman listens to (or 'obeys') the scribe. (read "listens" for "hearkens")
- iw sDm z.t tn n zS
- Verbal sentence with subject z.t tn, this woman; predicate sDm ... n zS, 'listens to/obeys the scribe'.
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- 9. A man is there in the house.
- iw z im m pr
- Non verbal sentence. Subject is z, 'man'; adverbial predicate is im m pr, 'there in the house'. The predicate is composed of two adverbial
phrases; a plain adverb im, and then an adverbial modifier phrase consisting of a preposition
(m) and a noun (pr).
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