From: To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 23.1E Date: Mon, 8 Oct 2007 17:43:38 -0500 23.1E, column 5 Oriented right to left, written vertically. nn jtH rwd "Not drawing the bowstring" nn - negative particle jtH - infinitive of the 3-lit. verb "draw, pull" rwd - noun, "bowstring", object of the verb I think jtH can't be a participle "*Not one who draws the bowstring" because participles are negated with the verb tm, not with the nn contruction. 23.1E Transliteration: nn jtH rwd... Dissection: 1) nn = negation of infinitive (14.15.1) ("without...") 2) jtH = infinitive of jtH (verb 3-lit) "draw, pull"; "drawing, pulling" 3) rwd = "bowstring" Translation: "without pulling a bowstring..." ============================================================================== From: To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 23.1D Date: Mon, 8 Oct 2007 17:41:05 -0500 23.1D PROBLEM: The form rww. Allen denies (p. 323) that active participles show a masculine singular ending in -w, but both Gardiner (S357) and Hoch(S121) affirm that they do. Perhaps Allen would identify these as nouns of agent in which case the perfective or imperfective aspect would be lost. TRANSLITERATION: rww xAswt m-raw(j).fy smA pdt(j)w nn sxt xt st Ssr TRANSLATION: "The one expelling the foreigners by means of his action, the killer of the bowmen, there was not a blow of the stick, the shooter of arrows" NOTES: rwj = 3ai = "drive off, escape, go away". Imperfective participleindicating repeated action, the expected form is *rwwj or *rwwy. The j or y is a weak ending and not shown in the text. The perfective forms do not geminate like this. A perfective form would presumablybe *rw. Following Gardiner and Hoch (see above) this might be a perfective participle in which case his repulse of foreigners happened once, or is completed. r-awj = noun,m = "activity, action". .fy suffix possibly due to analogy with dual endings. smA = 3lit = "kill". The m-owl may be complementary, inverted with the A-vulture. Faulkner also shows a form like this, but does not transliterate it. pDtj = noun,m = "bowman" sxt = 3lit = "strike", this verb is not found in Faulkner nor in Gardiner. Faulkner shows it as a noun, which makes sense with the negative nn. sxt = noun,f = "blow, beating" stj = 3ai = "shoot". Perfective participle. Ssr = noun,m = "arrow" 23.1D transliteration: [rww] xAs(w)t m r-awj.fj smA pdt(jw) nn sxt xt st Ssr n jtH rwd translation: (Khakaure ...) who drives off foreign lands by his activity, who kills bowmen without the striking of a stick, who shoots an arrow without drawing a bowstring There are three participial clauses in this line. Each of these is a relative clause modifying the name Khakaure in the second line. The first participial clause is 'rww xAswt m r-awj.fj'. This begins with 'rww' which is an active imperfective participle of the 3ae-inf. of the 3ae-inf. verb 'rwj' which in transitive cases means "drive off". The use of the geminated stem of this 3ae-inf. verb marks the participle as imperfective. The object of the participle is 'xAswt' which means "countries". The action is modified by the prepositional phrase 'm r-awj.fj'. The preposition 'm' is used in the sense of "with" or "by" something. The noun phrase 'r-awj' means "activity". Attached to this is the 3MS suffix pronoun 'fj' denoting possession ("his"); the form 'fj' is used since 'awj' is a dual form (sec. 5.7). This participial phrase is a relative clause modifying 'Khakaure' back in line 2. Putting it all together gives the translation "who drives off foreign lands by his activity". The second participial phrase in this line is 'smA pdtjw nn sxt xt'. This starts off with an active participle of the 3-lit. verb 'smA' which means "kill". The subject of the clause is 'pdtjw' which means "bowmen". 'nn sxt xt' is an unmarked adverb clause modifying 'smA'. It involves a negated infinitive. The infinitive is 'sxt' of the 3-lit. verb 'sxt' which means "strike", and the negation is accomplished using the particle 'nn'. The subject of the infinitive is expressed by a direct genitive and is given by 'xt' which means "stick". Thus 'nn sxt st' basically means "not striking of a stick"; being an adverb clause here, it is rendered "without the striking of a stick". Like the previous, this participial clause is a relative clause modifying 'Khakaure' in line 2. Thus it is translated "who kills bowmen without the striking of a stick". The third participial phrase is 'st Ssr nn jtH rwd'. This starts off with an active perfective participle of the 3ae-inf. verb 'stj' which means "shoot". That the participle of this 3ae-inf. verb is perfective is seen by the fact the base stem is used and not the geminated stem. The participle has a direct object given by 'Ssr' which means "arrow". 'nn jtH rwd' is an unmarked adverb clause modifying 'smA'. It involves a negated infinitive. The infinitive is 'jtH' of the 3-lit. verb 'jtH' which means "draw, pull", and the negation is accomplished using the particle 'nn'. The object of the infinitive is expressed as a direct genitive and is given by 'rwd' which means "bowstring". So, 'nn jtH rwd' means "without drawing a bowstring". Again, this participial clause is a relative clause modifying "Khakaure" in line 2. Thus it is translate here as "who shoots an arrow without drawing a bowstring. 23.1D rww xAs(w)t m r-awj.f smA pdtj(w) nn sxt rwj - go away, escape, drive off, masculine perfective active participle xAs(w)t - foreign lands m - preposition, 'with' r-awj - activity .f - possessive suffix, 3MS, 'his' smAm - kill masculine perfective active participle pdtj - (nisbe) bowman nn - negation sxt - strike xt - stick stj - shoot, masculine perfective active participle Ssr - arrow NOTE: r-awj basically means 'two arms', so it is a dual. The double strokes after the I9-sign are the double form of the possessive pronoun '.f'. ... the one who drives off the foreign lands with his activity, the one who kills bowmen without striking with a stick, the one who shoots arrows ============================================================================== From: To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 23.1C Date: Mon, 8 Oct 2007 17:37:30 -0500 23.1C dAjr xAswt m wrr(j)t.f, jno tAwj m r-aw awj.f words: dAjr from dAr verb 3-lit subdue participle = "he who subdues" xAswt desert hills, foreign lands wrrt.f his crown jnq verb 3-lit embrace participle = "he who embraces" tAwj two lands r-awj activity awj.f his two hands/arms finally: (he) who subdues foreign lands with his crown, (he) who embraces the Two Lands with his two arms 23.1C TRANSLITERATION: dAr xAswt m wrrt.f jnq tAwy m r-aw(j) awy.f TRANSLATION: The subduer of foreign lands by means of his crown, the unifier of the Two Lands by means of the action of his two arms. NOTES: dAr = 3ai = "subdue", the spelling reflects the change from dAj to dAr. No separate subject in sight so it must be a participle, perfective because we would expect a weak verb to geminate in the imperfective. xAst = noun, f = "foreign land", the second instance of N25 is a determinative for xAswt! m = preposition I translated this both times it appears in this column as an instrumental meaning of the preposition m, interpreting it as indicating that it was the power conferred by the divine royal crown itself, which enabled the king to prevail over his enemies. The instrumental meaning of the second m is self-evident. wrrt = noun, f = "crown" r-awj = nou, m = "activity, action" jnq = 3lit = "embrace, unite". Again lacking a separate subject so it must be a participle, probably perfective, the imperfective of a strong verb would end in j or y. True, these endings might be unwritten, but the sense of his unifying the Two Lands seems perfective to me because it is an accomplished fact and because it balances the perfective participle dAr at the top of the column. ============================================================================== From: To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 23.1B Date: Mon, 8 Oct 2007 17:35:04 -0500 23.1B j.nd Hr.k xa-kAw-ra Hrw.n nTrj xprw mk tA swsX tASw j.nd Hr.k = interjection (S16.8.2) = Hail to! xa-kAw-ra = Kha-kau-re Hrw.n = our Horus j.nd Hr.k xa-kAw-ra Hrw.n = Hail to Kha-kau-re, our Horus nTrj = nisbe = divine (from dictionary) xprw = noun = devolution, development nTrj xprw = divine of development (I think this is the nfr Hr construction ? 6.3.5) mkj = verb 3ae-inf = protect mk = base stem = perfective active participle (see below) tA = noun = land mk tA = who protects the land swsX = verb caus. 3-lit = broaden swsX = base stem = perfective active participle (see below) tASw = noun = borders swsX tASw = who broadens the borders Hail to you, Kha-kau-re, our Horus, divine of development, who protects the land, who broadens the borders QUESTION FROM ANOTHER HOMEWORK VOLUNTEER: > Re the participles: broaden and protect. [...] > I would have thought the imperfective was more appropriate, but > wouldn't Allen have inserted the missing stem ending? Does this come under the comment in sect. 23.5 (middle of page 323), "When a participle is written without a stem ending it is often impossible to know for certain which form it is. [...] For this reason Egyptologists normally do not supply the missing endings[.]" ANSWER PRIOR TO COLLATION: Re the participles: broaden and protect. I think broaden comes under the middle section of S23.10, where the action is performed on each border, and is therefore perfective. Possibly protect does as well-- protects each little bit of land, but I think this is stretching it somewhat. I would have thought the imperfective was more appropriate, but wouldn't Allen have inserted the missing stem ending? 23.1B j.nD-Hr.k xa-kAw-ra Hrw.n nTrj xprw, mk tA, swsx tASw.f words: j.nD-Hr = hail to! interjection 16.8.1 ? so: Hail to you xa-kAw-ra = Khakaure Hrw = Horus, Hrw.n = our Horus nTrj xprw = Divine of Evolution (given) mk mkj = protect; mk = participle, active, either perfective (stem + no ending) or more likely imperfective (stem + missing ending) = the one who protects tA = land swsx = make broad (caus 3-lit); participle, active, probably imperfective (ongoing) = the one who broadens tASw.f tAS = border, tASw.f his/its borders literally: Hail to you, Khakaure, our Horus, Divine of Evolution, the one who protects the land, the one who broadens its borders ============================================================================== From: To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 23.1A Date: Mon, 8 Oct 2007 17:32:06 -0500 23.1A transliteration: Hrw nTrj xprw nbtj nTrj mswt bjk-nbw xpr (n)swt bjt(j) xa-kAw-ra zA ra z(j)-n-wsrt jt.f tAwj mAa xrw translation: Horus: Divine of Evolution, Two Ladies: Divine of Birth, Golden Falcon Who Has Evolved, King of Upper and Lower Egypt Khakaure, Son of Ra Senwosret, he takes possession of the Two Lands in justification This line consists of the titulary of a king. It begins with the Horus name which here is introduced simply with the G5 falcon ('Hrw'). This is followed by 'nTrj xprw'. 'nTrj' is a nisbe noun meaning "divine". This is in a direct genitive with 'xprw' which means "Evolution". Thus the Horus name means "divine of evolution". Next is the Two Ladies name which is marked here by the G14a+I13 glyph combination which is generally transliterated 'nbtj' meaning "Two Ladies". This is followed by 'nTrj mswt'. 'nTrj' is in a direct genitive with the noun 'mswt' which means "birth". Thus the Two Ladies name 'nTrj mswt' means "divine of birth". The third name given is the Gold Falcon name. This begins with the standard G5 over S12 combination for 'bjk nbw' which means "gold(en) falcon". This is modified by 'xpr' which is an active perfective participle of the 3-lit. verb 'xpr' ("evolve, happen"). Thus 'bjk nbw xpr' means "gold(en) falcon who has evolved". The fourth name is the throne name (prenomen). It is preceded by the title 'nswt bjtj' which is usually rendered as "King of Upper and Lower Egypt". The name itself is contained in a cartouche and is transliterated 'xa-kAw-ra'. The first element of the name, 'xa', is an active participle of the 3ae-inf. verb 'xaj' ("appear") and means "one who appears". It is used here as a noun and is in a direct genitive with the noun phrase 'kAw ra'. 'kaw', which means "energy, life force", itself is followed by the direct genitive 'ra' ("Re"); thus, 'kAw ra' means "the life force of Re". Putting it together, 'xa kAw ra' means "apparent one of the life force of Re". The name is typically anglicized as "Khakaure". The fifth and last name in the list is the Son of Re name (nomen). It is preceded by the title 'zA ra' which means "Son of Re". The name itself is contained in a cartouche and is transliterated 'z(j)-n-wsrt'. This name consists of a noun phrase starting with 'zj' which means "man". This is modified by the indirect genitive 'n wsrt' where the genitival adjective 'n' matches the gender (masculine) and number (singular) of 'zj'. 'wsrt' is a feminine active participle of the 3-lit. verb 'wsr' ("strong"); used here as a noun, it means "one (fem.) who is powerful" or "powerful one (fem.)". Putting it together, 'zj n wsrt' means "man of the powerful one"; evidently the powerful one is a goddess as Allen renders this as "man of the powerful goddess". The name is typically anglicized as "Senwosret". Last in the line comes the verbal clause 'jt.f tAwj mAa xrw'. The subject of the clause ("he") is the 3MS suffix pronoun 'f' attached to the verb. The verb has an object given by the dual noun 'tAwj' which means "Two Lands" referring to Upper and Lower Egypt. The verb itself is one of the sDm.f forms of the 3ae-inf. verb 'jtj' which means "take possession of". Since the verb has an object, it is not one of the passive forms. The non-negated perfective and the prospective are not commonly used in ME. Overall, the statement is biographical in nature and intended to express an action that is generally true about the subject; thus, the verb here is in the imperfective. Last in the clause is the noun phrase 'mAa xrw' which means "justification". This noun phrase is used here adverbially to modify the action of the verb and is translated using the prepositional phrase "in justification". Putting it all together, the clause means "he takes possession of the Two Lands in justification". Allen puts an "as" at the start of his translation of this clause. He seems to view it as an unmarked adverb clause expressing concomitant action (sec. 20.10). If this is an adverb clause, it raises the question of what it is modifying. 23.1A Oriented right to left, written vertically. Hrw nTr(j) xprw nbj nTr(j) mswt bjk-nbw xpr rdj (n)swt-bjt(j) (xa kAw ra)| zA ra (z(j) n wsrt)| jt.f tawj m mAa xrw "Horus Divine of Evolution, Two Ladies Divine of Birth, Gold Falcon Who Has Evolved, King of Upper and Lower Egypt He Who is Apparent of Ra's Life Force, Son of Ra Man of Wosret (Senwosret), (as) he takes possession of the two lands in justification." This is the king's titulary, introducing the hymn. It is made up of a number of clauses, which we will analyze one by one. Hrw - The god Horus. This introduces the first "Horus" name. nTr(j) - nisbe of the noun nTr "godlike, divine" xprw - noun "evolution" The Horus name nTrj xprw is "(one) divine of evolution" nbtj - The "two ladies" nxbt and wADt introduces the second royal name nTr(j) - the nisbe "divine" again mswt - noun "birth" The Two Ladies name nTrj mswt is "(one) divine of birth" Question: how can we tell R8 is a nisbe here "One Divine of Birth" and not just the noun "God of Birth" bjk-nbw - "Falcon of Gold" introduces the third royal name xpr - perfective active participle of the verb xpr "evolved" I don't know why the order of the signs is exchanged here. (n)swt bjt(j) - (he of) the sedge and the bee, tranlated as "King of Upper and Lower Egypt" introduces the throne name or prenomen. xa - participle (perfective active) of the 3ae-inf. verb xaj "apparent" used as a noun "Apparent One" kAw - plural noun "ka, life force" in direct genitive ra - noun "Re" So the prenomen is "Apperent one of the Life Force of Ra" rdj - "Given" passive perfective pariciple Allen doesn't include this in the key at all. Is this a normal part of the zA-ra title zA ra - "Son of Re" introduces the nomen z(j) - noun "man" n - preposition "of" wsrt - The goddess Wosret, in honorific transposition. The nomen is Senwosret, which means "Man of Wosret" jt.f - imperfective of the 3ae-inf. verb jTj "take possession" with 3MS suffix pronoun as subject "He takes possession" tAwj - dual of the noun tA "land" as object of the verb m - preposition introducing an adverbial phrase mAa xrw - noun phrase "justification" "He takes possession of the two lands in justification." RESPONSE TO QUESTION PRIOR TO COLLATION: I am responsible for the same part, I was thinking the same things ;) having similar questions, and here are the ones I could actually answer to some extent. > > Question: how can we tell R8 is a nisbe here "One Divine of Birth" and > not just the noun "God of Birth"? I guess, the Egyptians just would not call a pharaoh God of Birth. But otherwise, I don't know. Maybe, there are texts where this expression is actually 'spelled out'... > rdj - "Given" passive perfective pariciple? Allen doesn't include this > in the key at all. Is this a normal part of the zA-ra title? It's not really rdj: it is 'r'(mouth) + 'a'(hand) + 'sun', i.e. phonetic part + determinative part of the word 'Ra'. ============================================================================== Date: Wed, 10 Oct 2007 08:23:49 +1000 From: "Caroline Seawright" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL Papyrus Harris 500 Hi, There is one particular poem from this papyrus that mentions Jadit/Yadyt/Iadet in amongst the deities Ptah, Sekhmet and Nefertem. It is one of the love poems from Papyrus Harris 500. In Ancient Egyptian Literature: Volume II: The New Kingdom by Miriam Lichtheim, it is listed on page 198 as 'IIa. The First Collection'. In this book it says 'unknown deity' for the name listed in the poem being "its buds" as it describes the other deities in relation to the Nile foliage. http://books.google.com/books?id=uoAefzqPGAUC&pg=PA189&lpg=PA189&dq=nefertem+ptah+500+give&source=web&ots=CwjZVVLNpJ&sig=ZRrLJK0gDAqhS4qqjvJDPjbJeAU I am curious as to the correct writing of this deity's name, and if anyone knows anything about this goddess. Thank you, Caroline Seawright ============================================================================== From: To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 23.1H Date: Mon, 8 Oct 2007 17:52:27 -0500 Transliteration: [from 23.1G: wa rnpw][aHA] Hr tAS.f tm rdj wrd mrwt.f rdj sDr... Dissection: 0) [wa rnpw] = "unique divine young one" 1) [aHA] = perfective active participle: "who fights" 2) Hr tAS.f = "upon his borders" (i.e., defends his borders) 3) tm rdj wrd = negation of perfective active participle: "who does not cause ... to tire" 4) mrwt.f. = "his serfs" 5) rdj = these next wo actually go with the next line (23.1I); "who causes, lets" 5) sDr = "sleep" Translation: [the unique divine young one] who fights upon his borders, who does not cause his serfs to tire, who lets [the elite (from 23.1I)] sleep..." ============================================================================== From: To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 23.2 Date: Mon, 8 Oct 2007 17:50:08 -0500 23.2 nn jtw rdj sdgA.f nn = negative jtw = noun = river nn jtw = there is no river (the negation of existence S.11.4) rdj = verb anom = give, put, cause rdj = perfective active participle = who causes sdgA = verb caus. 3-lit = conceal sdgA.f = infinitive + suffix pronoun = its concealing (S.14.4.2) rdj sdgA.f = that causes its concealing nn jtw rdj sdgA.f = there is no river that lets itself be concealed ************************************************** 23.2 Transliteration: nn jtrw rdj sdgA.f Dissection: 1) nn = negation of a nonverbal clause 2) jtrw = "river" 3) rdj = perfective active participle; "that causes" 4) sdgA.f = the infinitive of a caus. 3-lit verb, "conceal": "its concealing/hiding" Translation: "There is no river that causes its (own) concealing." Paraphrase: "No river lets itself be hidden. ============================================================================== From: To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 23.1G Date: Mon, 8 Oct 2007 17:47:58 -0500 23.1G Transliteration: [from 23.1F: ns n Hm.f] rtH xnt TAzw.f sbhA sttjw wa rnpw... Dissection: 0) from 23.1F: The tongue of His Incarnation 1) rtH = from Sign List: rtH "restrain"; According to Allen this is a perfective active participle 2) xnt = literally, "Upstream" i.e., Nubia 3) TAzw.f = "his sentences" (i.e., of speech) 4) sbhA = again, according to Allen, a perfective active participle of sbhA, a caus. 3-lit verb, "cause to flee" 5) sttjw = "Beduin" (pl.) according to Allen 6) wa = "unique, sole" NOTE the DIVINE determinative 7) rnwp = "young" (adj.verb - see Dictionary) Translation: [The tongue of His Incarnation] which restrains Nubia; his sentences that cause the Beduin to flee; unique divine young one...(see 23.1H for continuation) 23.1G rtH xnt TAzw.f sbhA sttjw wa rnpw (His Incarnation's tongue) being that which restrains Upstream, his sentences being what cause the Bedouin to flee, unique youngster rtH = that which restrains active participle xnt = Upstream, i.e. Nubia, object of rtH TAzw.f = his sentences, subject sbhA = that which causes to flee, active participle sttjw = the Bedouin, object of sbhA wa rnpw = unique youngster? Continuing from the previous column which ended ns n Hm.f, the tongue of His Incarnation, the first clause carries on rtH xnt. Allen tells us that this is an A B nominal sentence used adverbially i.e. that it forms an unmarked adverb clause. A is ns n Hm.f, and B is rtH xnt, which is a participle clause. rtH is a participle used on its own as a noun, that which restrains, and its object is xnt, Upstream, i.e Nubia. A is the subject. As an independent sentence the clause means His Incarnation's tongue is that which restrains Upstream. As an adverb clause several translations are possible (§12.17): one possibility is: His Incarnation's tongue being that which restrains Upstream. The next clause is of the same kind. The subject is TAzw.f, his sentences. The predicate is a participle clause, sbhA sttjw, that which causes the Bedouin to flee. The final two words wa rnpw, unique youngster, begin the following clause, which continues in the next column. ============================================================================== From: To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 23.1F Date: Mon, 8 Oct 2007 17:46:13 -0500 23.1F [st] Ssr mj jrr sxmt sxr.f xAw x[mw] bAw.f ns n Hm.f stj = verb 3ae-inf = shoot st = base = participle = who shoots Ssr = noun = arrow stj st Ssr = who shoots the arrow mj jrr sxmt = as Sekhmet does (Allen?s hint) sxr = verb caus. 2-lit = fell, overthrow sxr.f = imperfective (concomitant action, S20.10) = when he fells xAw = noun = thousands sxr.f xAw = when he fells the thousands xm = verb 2-lit = not know x(mw) = perfective active = who do not know (agreeing with thousands) bAw.f = noun + suffix pronoun = his impressiveness x[mw] bAw.f = who do not know his impressiveness ns = noun = tongue n = of Hm.f = His Incarnation ns n Hm.f = the tongue of His Incarnation [st] Ssr mj jrr sxmt sxr.f xAw x[mw] bAw.f ns n Hm.f = who shoots the arrow as Sekhmet does when he fells the thousands who do not know his = impressiveness, the tongue of his Incarnation. 23.1F [st] Ssr mj jrr sxmt sxr.f xAw m x[mw] bAw.f ns n Hm.f who shoots the arrow as Sekhmet does, when he fells thousands of those who do not know his impressiveness, his Incarnation's tongue st = who shoots perfective active participle Ssr =arrow, object of st mj jrr sxmt = as Sekhmet does, prepositional phrase sxr.f = when he fells, imperfective xAw m = thousands of, object of sxr.f xmw = those who do not know, participle bAw.f = his impressiveness, object of xmw ns n Hm.f = His Incarnations tongue, indirect genitive This column continues the long series of participle clauses describing the King's actions, which began in column 2. It begins with the participle st from the 3ae-inf. verb stj, to shoot. Since this class of verbs uses the geminated stem for the imperfective participle, this must be a perfective participle, and by its context it is an active form. The next word Ssr, arrow, is the object of the verb. So we have who shoots an arrow. Then comes a prepositional phrase mj jrr sxmt, which Allen gives as "as Sekhmet does." The next verb sxr.f, he fells is not a participle, since it has a separate subject. It introduces an unmarked adverb clause. This can best be interpreted as an imperfective form describing concomitant action. The object of the verb is xAw m xmw bAw.f. This consists of the the numberxAw m, thousands of , followed by a noun phrase. Although Allen does not specifically identify it as such in the key to the exercise, xnw looks like another participle. In this case there the participle does not modify a preceding noun, but is used as a noun in its own right (§23.12). The w is a plural ending, and it means those who do not know. Its object (i.e. what they do not know) is bAw.f, his impressiveness. The remainder of this column ns n Hm.f, the tongue of His Incarnation, is he subject of a new clause which continues in the next column. 23.1F Transliteration: st Ssr mj jrr sxmt sxr.f xAw m x[mw] bAw.f ns n Hm.f Dissection: 1) st = from verb 3ae-inf. stj "shoot" 2) Ssr = "arrow" 3) mj jrr sxmt = from Allen's hint: "as Sekhmet does" 4) sxr.f = from verb caus. 2-lit "fell, overthrow"; imperfective showing concomitant action (20.10); "when he fells/overthrows..." 5) xAw = "thousands" (a plural of "thousands"; not "four thousand") 6) m = translated "of" in this case 7) x[mw] = "those who do not know" (see plural strokes) 8) baw.f = "His impressiveness" 9) ns = "(the) tongue" 10) n = indirect genitive 11) Hm.f = "His Incarnation" Translation: "...who shoots an arrow as Sekhmet does when he fells thousands of those who do not know His Impressiveness, the tongue of His Incarnation." ============================================================================== From: "Paul" To: Ancient Egyptian Language List Date: Wed, 10 Oct 2007 07:07:32 -0400 Subject: Re: AEL Papyrus Harris 500 Possibly wADyt the cobra goddess, associated with the lower Nile? Spelled M13-M17-M17-X1-I12. -Paul Dickson On 10 Oct 2007 at 8:23, Caroline Seawright wrote: > Hi, > > There is one particular poem from this papyrus that mentions > Jadit/Yadyt/Iadet in amongst the deities Ptah, Sekhmet and Nefertem. > > It is one of the love poems from Papyrus Harris 500. In Ancient Egyptian > Literature: Volume II: The New Kingdom by Miriam Lichtheim, it is listed on > page 198 as 'IIa. The First Collection'. In this book it says 'unknown > deity' for the name listed in the poem being "its buds" as it describes the > other deities in relation to the Nile foliage. > > http://books.google.com/books?id=uoAefzqPGAUC&pg=PA189&lpg=PA189&dq=nefertem+ptah+500+give&source=web&ots=CwjZVVLNpJ&sig=ZRrLJK0gDAqhS4qqjvJDPjbJeAU > > I am curious as to the correct writing of this deity's name, and if anyone > knows anything about this goddess. > > Thank you, > > Caroline Seawright > ============================================================================== From: "A.K. Eyma" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: Re: AEL Papyrus Harris 500 Date: Wed, 10 Oct 2007 11:51:57 +0200 >There is one particular poem from this papyrus that mentions >Jadit/Yadyt/Iadet in amongst the deities Ptah, Sekhmet and Nefertem. > >I am curious as to the correct writing of this deity's name, and if anyone >knows anything about this goddess. Seeing the other gods, it is a Memphite deity. But she is not mentioned in Holmberg's book on Ptah, nor even in RAeRG, WB and LAe, I think HWB 1185 gives as writing: reed-eagle-hand-loaf-Z5-double reed-loaf-egg - falcon on standard Perhaps she is the goddess of the cattle pastures, or of the dew, or of the nets? -- which are all iAdt. Aayko Eyma ============================================================================== From: "Michael Tilgner" To: "Forum AEL" Subject: Re: AEL Papyrus Harris 500 Date: Thu, 11 Oct 2007 11:48:32 +0200 Recent works add nothing to our knowledge about Iadet: Bernard Mathieu, La poésie amoureuse de l'Égypte ancienne. Recherches sur un genre littéraire au Nouvel Empire, Le Caire, 1996, p. 70, fn. 177: "La déesse Iadet (Rosée?) ... n'est guère connue dans un contexte memphite (rapprocher peut-être jAd.t-tA dans Hornung, Amduat I, ÄgAbh 7, 1963, p. 113 [recte: 102] et II, p. 102 [recte: 113], no. 411)." William Kelly Simpson (ed.), The Literature of Ancient Egypt. An Anthology of Stories, Instructions, Stelae, Autobiographies, and Poetry, 3rd ed., New Haven and London, 2003, p. 310, fn. 6: "The connection of Iadet with Memphis is not very evident." Best wishes, Michael Tilgner ============================================================================== From: To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 23.3 Date: Fri, 12 Oct 2007 18:05:43 -0500 23.3 transliteration: nn anx rqtj.f wj translation: He who will oppose me will not live This is a sentence with a verbal predicate. The verb here is the subjunctive form of the 3-lit. verb 'anx' ("live"). The subject is given by participial clause 'rqtj.f wj'. This beginswith 'rqtj.f' which is the prospective participle of the 3ae-inf.verb 'rqj' ("oppose, revolt"). The prospective participle is formed from the base stem with the stem ending 'tj' added; the 3MS suffix pronoun 'f' specifies the gender and number of the agent of the action. The participle has an object given by the 1S dependent pronoun 'wj' ("me"). The prospective participle is normallyassociated with action that is yet to happen and so if frequently translated using the future tense; so, 'rqtj.f wj' can be translated "(he) who will oppose me". The subjunctive in this sentence is negated here using the particle 'nn'. The subjunctive negated by 'nn' has future meaning; thus, the sentence means "he who will oppose me will not live". 23.3 TRANSLITERATION: nn anx rq.tj.f(j) wj TRANSLATION: "Not a living person is he who will oppose me" NOTES: rqj = 3ai = "oppose, revolt", prospective participle acting as a noun in apposition to anx. ============================================================================== From: =?gb2312?B?zfW7tiDN9Q==?= To: Ancient Egyptian Language List Subject: RE: AEL Papyrus Harris 500 Date: Sat, 13 Oct 2007 01:05:22 +1200 Iadet? This is my first time to hear this nsme, although some of my Books mentioned this poem but they seems translate this name into orther forms(?) ============================================================================== From: To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 23.5 Date: Fri, 12 Oct 2007 18:06:46 -0500 23.5 m.tn xm DADAt m nb bjnt, tm Hsjw n.f Hr swhA mrt Vocabulary m.tn - introductory particle (with 2pl pronominal suffix) - Look! Hark! xm - verb, 2-lit; to not know, to be ignorant of DADAt - noun, lyre nb - noun, lord, master bjnt - noun, harp Hsj - verb, to sing swhA - verb caus 3-lit, to extol mrt - proper name - Meret (goddess of song) Grammar of interest: we're looking at two participles (active perfective participles). First clause: xm is a perfective active participle, 'not knowing', or as a noun, 'one who doesn't know'. It can also be translated as a relative clause without an expressed subject, '[the person] who doesn't know'. Note: for biliteral verbs, there is usually no overt marking to distinguish the perfective active participle. You have to riddle out the use of the verb through the context. See Allen 23.10; the perfective participle is used to describe action, without tense or aspect. It's the most common participle going. So 'xm DADAt' is 'one who doesn't know [how to play the] lyre'. This is the subject of the clause, and the predicate is an adverbial clause of identity with the preposition 'm'. The forementioned person is now "in the state of" being a master of the harp. (See Allen 10.6) Second clause: The combination 'tm Hsj' is used to negate the infinitive 'to sing'. See Allen 14.16 and 14.17). The participle here is 'tm'; the negatival complement is the verb Hsj, with the occasional ending -w. Hr swhA mrt - This is a pseudoverbal construction expressing action in progress; see Allen 15.2. So the person who previously couldn't even sing for himself is now capable of extolling the goddess Meret in song! According to wikipedia, Meret was the wife of the god of the Nile, and since the Nile was the life-giving river, she was associated with singing and rejoicing. 3.5 TRANSLITERATION m.tn Xm DADAt m nb bjnt tm Hsjw n.f Hr swhA mrt TRANSLATION See, everyone, he who was ignorant of the lyre is (now) master of the harp. He who did not sing to/for himself (now) extols Meret. VOCABULARY Xm be ignorant of, not know DADAt lyre bjnt harp Hsj sing swhA extol mrt Meret, goddess of song GRAMMAR 16.6.7 m + suffix pronoun = proclitic particle. 23.9 - Xm DADAt ? Participle + object, "ignorant of the Lyre". The context leads to identify Xm as a perfective active participle. 10.6 m nb m of prediction (really, acquired status), from context presume present tense. 4.13 - nb bjnt direct genitive. 23.18 Negative of the participle is tm + negatival complement or (less often) the infinitive. The negatival complement (14.17) is the base + w (usually not written). That, for the verb Hsj, would be Hs or Hsw, the infinitive is Hst. Hsjw looks like a perfective passive (an imperfective active form would be *Hssjw. The chart of tm + verb indicates a perfective or imperfective active. NOTE: Allen says that Hsjw is a negatival complement and that the whole thing is perfective active. That is NOT what chapter 14 says. 23.5 m.tn xm DADAt m nb b(j)nt tm Hsjw n.f Hr swhA mrt m.tn = particle (2pl) = behold xm = verb 2-lit = not know xm = perfective active participle (used as a noun S.23.12) = he who does not know DADAt = noun = lyre m.tn xm DADAt = Behold, he who does not know the lyre m = m of predication = is nb = lord, owner b(j)nt = noun = harp m nb b(j)nt = is the owner of a harp tm = verb 2-lit = not do (perfective active participle) Hsjw = verb 3ae-inf = sing (negatival complement) tm Hsjw = 2-lit negative verb followed by negatival complement (S23.18) n.f = for him tm Hsjw n.f = he who does not sing for him(self) Hr = swhA = verb caus. 3-lit = extol Hr + infinitive = pseudoverbal construction Hr swhA = is extolling mrt = Meret m.tn xm DADAt m nb b(j)nt tm Hsjw n.f Hr swhA mrt = Behold, he who did not know the lyre is (now) owner of a harp, and he who did not sing for himself is (now) extolling Meret Because the perfective participles are tenseless, I have changed the tense where appropriate to make most sense, and to fit in with Allen, but I think there could be variations here, it would depend on the context. ============================================================================== Date: Fri, 12 Oct 2007 10:16:25 +1000 From: "Caroline Seawright" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: Re: AEL Papyrus Harris 500 Thank you all for your suggestions, ideas and writings of her name! I guess this goddess is still a conundrum, but at least I know how to write her name! Google gave me nothing, so thanks for the references, too. Thank you, Caroline Seawright ============================================================================== From: To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY 23.4 Date: Fri, 12 Oct 2007 18:06:15 -0500 23.4 m.tn jwtj prt.f m nb Snwt jn n.f tAbt m dd(j) pr.s m.tn - look you, tn - 2PL suffix jwtj - (negative relative adjective) "who, which not" (§12.9) prt - seed f - 3MS suffix m - preposition, meaning here 'in the capacity of' nb - owner, master Snwt - granary tAbt - loan of grain jn - get, fetch, here. Here, perfective active participle dd(j) - give, anom. verb, imperfective active participle. Here, in the causative meaning. prj - go up, emerge, issue. Here, subjunctive (§19.10) after rdj. NOTE: The adjective jwtj followed by a noun with a posessive suffix means 'one who does not have it'. SO: Look you, he, who had no seed, [now] owns a granary. He who had a loan of grain [now] issued it. ============================================================================== From: To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 23.7 Date: Fri, 12 Oct 2007 18:07:39 -0500 23.7 Xnmw pw n Haw nb, wttw sxpr rxyt "He is Khnum for every body, the begetter who creates the subjects." Vocabulary Xnmw - proper noun, the god Khnum Haw - plural noun, 'body' wtt - verb (3-lit), 'to beget' sxpr - verb (caus. 3-lit), 'bring about, create' rxyt - noun (collective), 'subjects' The main clause is a nominal clause; "He is Khnum". The rest of the sentence adds to that fact. n Haw nb - 'for every body' wttw - see Allen 23.3 (early part). This is a noun of agent; 'one who begets' = 'the begetter'. sxpr - as Allen suggests in the Key, this is the participle, probably imperfective. Translating it as a relative clause, you get 'one who creates'. Combining this with the noun of agent preceding, it comes out to 'the begetter who creates'. And 'rxyt' is the direct object of the participle. 23.7 Xnmw pw n Haw nb wttw sxpr rxyt He is Khnum for every body, the begetter who creates the subjects. Xnmw = "Khnum" pw demonstrative pronoun n Haw nb = "for every body" wttw = "begetter" sxpr = "who creates", (imperfective?) active participle rxyt = "subjects" The main part of this exercise is the A pw nominal sentence Xnmw pw, "He is Khnum". It is followed by n Haw nb. This is probably not an indirect genitive, which would not make much sense, but a prepositional phrase for every body". The remainder is a noun clause of apposition. wttw looks like some sort of participle, from the verb wtt. It is not a singular participle for similar reasons to Allen's example zA sDmw in §23.5. A plural form agreeing with Haw appeared possible but then sxpr is problematical. Although not listed separately as a noun in the dictionary at the back of Allen, wttw can be found in Faulkner. It is a noun of agent and means "begetter". Then sxpr is a participle, and rxyt its direct object. So sxpr is active,"who creates the subjects". We cannot tell from the form whether it is perfective or imperfective. Possibly, as Allen suggests, it is imperfective as in this context the act of creation is a customary or habitual one. The whole sentence compares the king's relationship with his subjects tothat of Khnum the creator of god to mankind. 23.7 TRANSLITERATION Xmw pw n Haw nb wttw sxpr rxyt VOCABULARY Xnmw Khnemw, the god who forms people's bodies on a potter's wheel Haw body, collective noun wtt beget, 3lit (originally wtT) sHpr bring about, create, c3lit rxyt subjects ALLEN From a hymn in praise of the king GRAMMAR General notes The two verbs are both 3lit so, if they are participles, we expect the base ending without gemination and with 0 ending for the active. The passive endings are w + 0 for masculine singular and 0 + w for masculine plural. One of these must be a finite verb. Xnmw pw A pw sentence n Haw nb wttw wttw is a passive participle the form is singular or plural, it is singular because Haw is singular. "Of every body that has been begotten" sHpr(w) rxyt sHpr(w) is stative, the subject is Xnmw. TRANSLATION It is Khnemw, of every body which has been begotten, he is the creator. VOCABULARY If we take Xnm as a 3lit verb meaning "join, unite". The determinative at the end of the word indicates that the god's name is meant, but this could also indicate the king himself. He (the King) is the uniter (the potter) of every body which has been begotten, he is the one who creates (his) subjects. NOTES Allen says that wttw is a noun of agent. sxpr, he says is probably an imperfective active particple. I agree with this. This is a verbless sentence. Top ============================================================================== From: "A.P.de Visser" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: Re: AEL Papyrus Harris 500 Date: Fri, 12 Oct 2007 11:15:40 +0200 Dear Caroline Could it be that the name of your goddess is instead of ? In that case I might translate in English what I found in She is a funerary goddess incarnating the milk and its virtues,nourishing the the deceased pharao.She takes care for the quality of the milk so that after drinking it ,he has the power to regenerate.I do hope it might help you;let me know it. Kind regards Bram de Visser Holland ============================================================================== From: To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 23.6 Date: Fri, 12 Oct 2007 18:07:14 -0500 23.6 ra pw mAAw m stwt.f sHdw sw tAwj r jtn ra - Ra, the sun pw - is mAAw - to see. Here, imperfective passive participle m - preposition: 'in, by, for, during'... stwt - rays .f - 3MS possessive suffix, 'his', refers back to Ra. sHdw(j) - ro brighten, imperfective active participle, used in the masculine dual form aas an exclamatory adjectival predicate (§23.11). It is transitive verb, so sHd tAwj means to brighten or to illuminate the Two Lands sw - he tAwj - the Two Lands (Egypt) r - prep. here, used as a comparative 'with respect to' jtn - sundisc. SO: It is Ra, by whose rays one is seen. How much more illuminating the Two Lands he is than the sundisc! ==============================================================================