From: To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY 22.12 Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2007 17:25:03 -0500 22.12 Dd.xr z(j) jr.f mkwt.f m HkAw jnk HkAw pwy wab jmj r-Xt ra nTrw Hrj.tjwnj r.j A man must say in order that he make his protection by magic: "I am that pure magic which is in the body of Re: gods, be far away from me" Dd.xr z(j) = "A man must say", sDm.xr.f jr.f = "in order that he make", subjunctive, expressing purpose (§19.8.1) mkwt.f = "his protection", object of jr.f m HkAw = "by magic", jnk = "I", 1s independent pronoun HkAw pwy wab = "(am) that pure magic" jmj = "that is in", prepositional nisbe r-Xt ra = "the body of Re", nTrw = "gods", Hrj.tjwnj = "be far away", stative, expressing a wish or command r.j = "from me", prepositional phrase 22.12 Dd.xr z(j),jr.f mkwt.f m HkAw, jnk HkAw pwy wab jmj r Xt ra, nTrw Hrj-tjwnj r.j "A man has to say, so that he may make his protection by magic, "I am that pure magic that is in the belly of Re; gods, be far from me!" The skeleton form of this sentence, in English, is: A man must say [X] in order to [Y]. What makes this sentence a little tough is that the order of [X] and [Y] is transposed: A man must say (in order to [Y]) [X] ------------------------------------------------ Vocabulary: jrj (verb, 3-weak): to do, to make mkwt (noun): protection HkAw (noun): magic pwy (demonstrative adj/pronoun): this, that wab (adjective-verb): (to be)clean, pure jmj (prepositional nisbe): in, inherent in Xt (noun): belly Hrj (verb, 3-weak): to go far away, become distant ------------------------------------------------- First, the easy part: Dd.xr z(j): "A man must say". This is the regular use of the sDm.xr.f (with a nominal subject) to express necessary action (22.7) ------------------------------------------------- Now, the [Y] part.... Syntactically, this is an unmarked final clause/purpose clause: A man must say something IN ORDER TO have something else happen. As usual, the subjunctive is used in this construction: jr.f mkwt.f m HkAw - that he might make his protection by magic --------------------------------------------------- Now, the [X] part (what he says)... The core of this clause is an AB nominal construction: jnk HkAw "I am magic." The predicate noun 'HkAw' is qualified by no less than three modifiers: HkAw wab: 'pure magic' HkAw pwy wab: 'that pure magic' (see Allen 5.10.1 for the details on this unusual form). Remember that in a string of modifiers, the demonstrative takes pride of place, closest to the head. HkAw pwy wab (jmj r Xt ra): 'that pure, inside-the-belly-of-Re magic' ---------------------------------------------------- Finally, the speaker has some words for the gods: Hrj-tjwnj r.j This is a stative verb, as witnessed by the distinctive 2nd plural suffix pronoun 'tjwnj'. See Allen 17.17.2, where he describes how a second-person stative can be used as a wish or command. The preposition 'r' here is used with the sense of separation (Allen 8.2.7) ******************************************************** 22.12 Dd.xr z(j) jr.f mkwt.f m HkAw jnk HAkw pwy wab jmj r-Xt ra nTrw Hrj.tjwnj r.j Dd = verb 2-lit = say Dd.xr = sDm.xr.f form = necessary action = must say z(j) = noun = man Dd.xr z(j) = a man must say jr = verb 2-lit = do, make jr.f = subjunctive = so that he may make (S19.8.1 for the ?so that?) mkwt.f = noun = his protection (although Aa13 is used here instead of G17 as in the dictionary) jr.f mkwt.f = so that he may make his protection m = preposition = by HkAw = noun = magic Dd.xr z(j) jr.f mkwt.f m HkAw = A man must say, so that he may make his protection by magic, jnk = independent pronoun = I Hakw = noun = magic pwy = demonstrative pronoun = this, that (5.10.1) wab = adjective = pure jmj = prepositional nisbe = inherent in r-Xt = stomach, belly re = Re jnk HAkw pwy wab jmj r-Xt ra = I (am) that pure magic inherent in the belly of Re nTrw = noun = gods Hrj = verb 3ae-inf = go far away Hrj.tjwnj = stative = you have gone far away r.j = from me nTrw Hrj.tjwnj r.j = gods, you are far away from me BUT the stative can be used as a command (S17.17.2) but this is without a separate subject so, if gods is not the subject = gods, be far from me Allen has given the latter translation Question: These two translations have very different meanings, so much so that I think my first translation must, in some way, be wrong - is it, maybe, because 'gods' is not considered to be the subject and, therefore, it has to be an imperative form? If so, how would you say 'gods, you are far away from me'? Dd.xr z(j) jr.f mkwt.f m HkAw jnk HAkw pwy wab jmj r-Xt ra nTrw Hrj.tjwnj r.j = A man must say, so that he may make his protection by magic: ? I am that pure magic that is in the belly of Re. Gods, be far from me!? 22.12 ORIENTATION: Left to right, horizontal, prograde TRANSLITERATION: Dd.xr z(j) jr.f mkwt.f m HkAw jnk HkAw pwy wab jmj r Xt ra nTrw Hry.tjnwj r.j TRANSLATION: "A man must say that he makes his protection with spells but I am this pure spell (Hekaw) which is in the belly of Re. Gods, may you go far from me. VOCABULARY: Dd = verb, 2lit = "say, speak" z(j) = noun, m = "man" jrj = verb, 3inf = "make, do" f = suffix pronoun, ms mkwt = noun, f = "protection" m = preposition HkAw = noun, m = "magic, power", god of magic jnk = independent pronoun, 1cs pwy = domonstrative pronoun (5.10.1) wab = adj. verb, 3 lit = "clean, pure" jmy = prepositional nisbe = "who/which is in" r xt = noun, m = "stomach, belly" (lit: "mouth of the belly") ra = noun, m = the Sun nTr = noun, m = "god, spirit, force" Hrj = verb, 3inf = "go far away", + r = "from" r = preposition j = suffix pronoun, 1cs. GRAMMAR: Dd.xr z(j) = z(j) is the subject of the Dd.xr construction which indicates inevitability or necessity. jr.f mkwt.f m HkAw = the entire phrase is the direct object of Dd.xr jr.f mkwt = paradigm VsO. jr is probably an imperfective verb form indicating repeated or habitual action. m HkAw = prepositional phrase describing how the protection is generated. The form HkAw is clearly plural but it must be a false plural because pwy is singular. jnk HkAw = AB noun clause (7.7) with A being an independent prounoun. HkAw is translated as spell (HkAw) HkAw pwy wab = noun + qualifiers. HkAw is identified as the god or spirit by the determinative at the end of the word. jmy r xt = relative prepositional phrase indicating location, the antecedent is HkAw. xt ra = direct genitive. nTrw = vocative. Hrj.tjnwj = stative, 2cp, expressing a wish for a state of affairs. r.j = prepositional phrase GARDINER SIGNS: I10? G1-G43-A2-Z2-W24:V31-A1-V28-D28-G1-G43-A40-Z3-Q3-Z7-M17-M17-D60-Z11-G17? D21-A1 I10? D-d-x-r O34:A1*Z1 z- Determinative MAN- Used as ideogr of signs meant to be read as ideograms rather than phonograms D4:I9 jr-f Aa15:D36:V31-X1:Y1:Z2-I9 m-var for D38, a complement-k-t- Det ABSTRACT- Det in PLURAL-f Aa15 m V28-D28-G1-G43-A2-Z2 H-kA-complement-w- Det. SPEAK- used with words plural in meaning and with false plurals ending in w or wt W24:V31-A1 jn-k- Determinative MAN V28-D28-G1-G43-A40-Z3 H-kA-complement-w- Det. GOD- used with words plural in meaning and with false plurals ending in w or wt Q3-Z7-M17-M17 p-w-y D60 wab- Z11-G17? jm-complement-y D21:Z1 r - Used as ideogr of signs meant to be read as ideograms rather than phonograms F32:X1*Z1 Xt-complement- Used as ideogr of signs meant to be read as ideograms rather than phonograms N5:Z1-A40 ra- Used as ideogr of signs meant to be read as ideograms rather than phonograms- Det. GOD R8-R8-R8 nTr repeated three times to indicated plurality D2:D21-Z4A:N31 Hr-complement-j- Phonogr Hr in jn-Hrt "Onuris" (a god), Hrw "Horus", and Hrw r "except" (from Hrj "go far away") G4-N35:Z2 tjw-n- Det in PLURAL D21-A1 r-j ============================================================================== From: To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 22.10 Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2007 17:22:20 -0500 22.10 transliteration: wSa.xr.f nn n jtj-mHj nn n btj zjn.xr.f jf.f jm wn.xr Haw.f wAD.(w) mj nn n nTrw translation: He must chew this Lower Egyptian barley and this emmer and must rub his flesh with them, and his body will certainly be freshened like those gods. This line consists of three independent clauses. The first is 'wSa.xr.f nn n jtj-mHj nn n btj'. This starts off with the sDm.xr.f of the 3-lit. verb 'wSa' "chew". The 3MS suffix pronoun attached is the subject ("He") of the sentence. There are two object of the verb in this clause. The first is given by the noun phrase 'nn n jtj-mHj'. This is a plural demonstrative construction with the neuter demonstrative pronoun 'nn' in an indirect genitive with the collective noun 'jtj-mHj' which means "Lower Egyptian barley"; thus, 'nn n jtj-mHj' means "this Lower Egyptian barley". The other object of the verb is 'nn n btj' is similar in form; 'btj' means "emmer", so 'nn n btj' means "this emmer". The sDm.xr.f is used here to express necessary action. One thus has that the clause means "he must chew this Lower Egyptian barley and this emmer". The second independent clause in this line is 'zjn.xr.f jf.f jm'. This involves the sDm.xr.f of the 3-lit. verb 'zjn' "rub". The 3MS suffix pronoun attached to this is the subject ("he") of the sentence. The object of the verb is 'jf.f' which means "his body". 'jm' is a prepositional adverb derived from the preposition 'm', here with the sense of "with, by" the usage of something (the barley and emmer in this case). So 'jm' here means "with them". The sDm.xr.f is used here to denote necessary action, so the clause means "he must rub his flesh with them". The last independent clause in this line is 'wn.xr Haw.f wAD.(w) mj nn n nTrw'. This starts off with the sDm.xr.f of the 2ae-gem. verb 'wnn'. The subject of this clause is the unmarked noun clause 'Haw.f wAD.(w) mj nn n nTrw'. This involves the SUBJECT-imperfective construction where 'Haw.f' ("his body") is the subject. This is followed by the stative of the 3-lit. verb 'wAD' "fresh"; as is common, the 3MS stative suffix is not written. This is followed by the prepositional phrase 'mj nn n nTrw' which means "like those gods". Here the sDm.xr.f of 'wnn' is used to give the following stative a sense of inevitability, thus the clause 'wn.xr Haw.f wAD.(w) mj nn n nTrw' is translated as "his body will certainly be freshened like those gods". 22.10 Transliteration: wSa.xr.f nn n jtj-mHj nn n btj, zjn.xr.f jf.f jm, wn.xr Haw.f wAD.(w) mj nn n nTrw. Dissection: 1) wSa.xr.f = sDm.xr.f form of verb 3-lit. wSa "chew"; "he must/has to chew" 2) nn n = M22-M22-N35 (see Dictionary and 5.8 ? demonstrative pronoun 3) jtj-mHj = "Lower Egyptian (i.e., northern) barley" 4) nn n = see #2 above 5) zjn.xr.f = sDm.xr.f form of verb 3-lit. zjn "rub"; "he must/has to rub" 6) jf.f = "his flesh" (Dictionary= "meat") 7) jm = adverbial preposition; "with it" 8) wn.xr = sDm.xr.f form of wnn; see last paragraph of 22.7; influences following verb to mean inevitability. 9) Haw.f = lit. "his body parts" (see Essay 7) or "body" 10) wAD.(w) = stative of adj.-vb. 3-lit. "fresh" + 3MS suffix w (17.2 ? "freshened" 11) wn.xr Haw.f wAD.(w) = "His body is inevitably freshened" 12) mj = "like" 13) nn n = see #2 above 14) nTrw = "gods" Translation: "He must chew this northern barley and this emmer, he must rub his flesh with it, and his body is inevitably freshened like those gods." ============================================================================== From: To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 22.11 Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2007 17:23:36 -0500 22.11 jr wnn jb n DHwtj r Sd(t) st Hr ra, wab.xr.f n wabt 9 hrww "If the heart of Thoth will be toward reciting it over Ra, He must purify himself in 9 days of cleansing." jr - particle introducing a protasis (if...then construction) wnn - prospective of the 2ae-gem. verb "exist" acting as an enabler for the succeeding clause or phrase jb - noun "heart" subject n - preposition "of" DHwtj - noun "Thoth" r - preposition "to, toward, with respect to" SDt - infinitive of the 3ae-inf. verb SDj "reciting" object of the preposition r. The final t is unwritten, but according to Allen's answer key we can infer it from needing an object for the preposition. st - dependent pronoun "it" subject of the infinitive Hr - preposition "upon" ra - noun "Ra" The prospective of wnn is used to give a future tense to the protasis of a sentence. So this is "If the heart of Thoth will be toward reciting it upon Ra..." The rest is the apodosis. wab.xr.f - sDm.hr.f of the 3-lit adjective-verb "clean, pure" n wabt - adverbial prepositional phrase "in cleansing" 9 - cardinal number hrww - plural noun "days" The sDm.hr.f conveys necessary action, so this is literally, "He must clean (himself) in a cleansing (of) 9 days." The verbs "clean" and "purify" are transitive in English, but wab appears to be intransitive, so it is necessary to add a reflexive pronoun. 22.11 jr wnn jb n DHwtj r SD.st Hr ra wab.xr.f m wabt 9 hrww. jr - if, in order to wnn - from the verb to be jb - heart n - of, genetive DHwtj - Thoth SDj - recite, read This is a similar construction to jb.f r aHA ('his mind is towards fighting') mentioned in =C2§21.7. So, jb r SD must mean 'heart towards reciting' wab (adj verb, 3lit)- clean, pure wab.xr.f - he must become pure wabt - purification hrw - day SO: If the heart of Thoth is towards reciting it before Re, he must become pure in a purification of nine days. QUESTION: Why the number of days is before the noun 'days'? ============================================================================== From: To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 22.13 Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2007 17:25:34 -0500 22.13 Transliteration: jw.sn Hna.j kA.k Dr.kA.sn Hna.k r rxt stS wnt.sn Hna.k Dissection: 1) jw.sn = introductory particle + 3PL suffix pronoun 2) Hna.j = "together with me" 2a) jw.sn Hna.j = "They are with me" 3) kA.k = (22.18) parenthetic form; "you shall say" 4) Dr.kA.sn = from verb 2-lit. Dr "end up," sDm.kA.f form, expresses future consequences. 5) Hna.k = "together with you" 6) r = see 22.14, "until" 7) rxt = sDmt.f form of verb 2-lit. rx "learn, know" ("learn about" see 17.8) 8) stS = "Seth" (the god) 8a) r rxt stS = "until Seth learns" or "until Seth has learned" 9) wnt.sn = sDmt.f form of wnn (22.15) "they are"; beginning of unmarked relative clause 10) Hna.k = "with you" Translation: "They are with me," you shall say, "(and) they will end up with you until Seth has learned that they are with you." 22.13 transliteration: jw.sn Hna.j kA.k Dr.kA.sn Hna.k r rxt stX wnt.sn Hna.k translation: "They are with me", you will say, "and they will end up with you until Seth knows they are with you". This line consists of a direct quote that is marked by the parenthetic 'kA' which appears after the first few words in the quote. Attached to 'kA' is the 2MS suffix pronoun 'k' identifying the speaker ("you"). Since the parenthetic 'kA' is used to mark future speech, 'kA.k' is translated here as "you will say". The part of the quote that precedes 'kA.k' is the independent clause 'jw.sn Hna.j' which has an adverbial predicate. It starts with the proclitic particle 'jw'. Attached is the 3P suffix pronoun 'sn' which serves as the subject ("they") of the clause. The predicate is the prepositional phrase 'Hna.j' which means "with me". The portion of the quote after 'kA.k' is the independent clause 'Dr.kA.sn Hna.k r rxt stX wnt.sn Hna.k'. This begins with the sDm.kA.f of the 2-lit. verb 'Dr' "end up". Attached to 'Dr.kA' is the 3P suffix pronoun 'sn' which serves as subject ("they") of the clause. The verb is modified by the prepositional phrase 'Hna.k' which means "with you". The sDm.kA.f is used here to express subsequent action, so 'Dr.kA.sn Hna.k' means "(and) they will end up with you". The verb is further modified by the prepositional phrase 'r rxt stX wnt.sn Hna.k' consisting of the preposition 'r' followed by the unmarked noun clause 'rxt ... Hna.k'. 'rxt' is the sDmt.f of the 2-lit. verb "learn". The subject of the clause is the proper noun 'stX' which is translated "Seth". Since the construction 'r sDmt.f' means "until he (has/had) heard", so 'r rxt stX' means "until Seth has learned", in other words "until Seth knows" (cf. 18.10). The object of 'rxt' is the noun clause 'wnt.sn Hna.k' which is marked by the (pseudo)particle 'wnt' (see 16.6.6 and elsewhere). The 3P suffix pronoun attached to 'wnt' is the subject ("they") of the clause. Furthermore, the clause has an adverbial predicate given by the prepositional phrase 'Hna.k' which means "(together) with you". Thus, this clause means "they are with you". Putting the above together, we have that 'Dr.kA.sn Hna.k r rxt stX wnt.sn Hna.k' means "they will end up with you until Seth knows they are with you". 22.13 jw.sn Hna.j kA.k Dr.kA.sn Hna.k r rxt stS wnt.sn Hna.k jw - a proclitic particle, asserts that a statement is true from the speaker's point of view sn- they Hna - together with .j - me, 1S suffix kA.k - parenthetics: you shall say Dr - to end up. Dr.kA.sn - They will end up .k - you, 2S suffix r + sDmt.f - 'until' rx - learn, know, here in Sdmt-form rxt stS - (god) Seth SO: You will say: They are with me. They will end up with you until Seth will learn that they are with you. 22.13 jw.sn Hna.j kA.k Dr.kA.sn hna.k r rxt stX wnt.sn hna.k "They are with me", you shall say, "and they will end up with you until Seth has learnt that they are with you." jw.sn = "They", Hna.j = "(are) with me", adverbial predicate kA.k = "you shall say", parenthetic Dr.kA.sn = "they will end up", sDm.kA.f Hna.k = "with you", prepositional phrase r rxt stX = "until Seth has learnt", r + sDmt.f wnt.sn = "they are", sDmt.f of wnn, beginning a noun clause - object of rxt Hna.k = "with you", prepositional phrase 22.13 ORIENTATION: Right to left, horizontal, prograde TRANSLITERATION: jw.sn Hna.j kA.k Dr.ka.sn Hna.k r rxt stX sn Hna.k TRANSLATION: " `They are together with me', you will say. they will end up together with you until Seth has learned they were together with you." VOCABULARY: jw = introductory particle, (verb?) sn = suffix pronoun, 3cp Hna = preposition = "together with" j = suffix pronoun, ms kAj = verb, 3inf = "think, say, plan" Dr = verb, 2 lit= "end up" r = preposition rx = verb, 2lit = "learn, know" stX = noun, m= "Seth" wnn = verb, 2gem = "to be, exist" GRAMMAR: jw.sn = introductory particle/verb. Paradigm Vs. sn is a suffix pronoun. Hna.j = prepositional phrase = "together with me". kA.k = Paradigm Vs. kA marks a periphrastic construction. Dr.ka.sn = Paradigm Vs. A sDm.ka.f form indicating futurity. Hna.k = prepositional phrase = "together with me". r rxt stX = r sDmt.f form = "until VERB". Paradigm VS, stX is the subject. wnt.sn = Paradigm Vs, sn is the subject. sDmt.f form Hna.k = prepositional phrase = "together with you". GARDINER SIGNS: M17-G43-S29-N35-V28-N35:D36-M17-A1-V31-G1-V31-M36:D21-V31-G1-S29-N35- V28-N35:D36-V31:D21-D21:Aa1:X1-E21-A40-E34:N35:X1-S29-N35-V28-N35:D36- V31 M17-G43-S29-N35 j-w-s-n V28-N35:D36-M17-A1 H-n-a-j- determinative PEOPLE V31-G1-V31 kA.k M36:D21-V31-G1-S29-N35 Dr-complement-k-A-s-n V28-N35:D36-V31 H-n-a-k D21 r D21:Aa1:X1 r-x-t E21-A40 stX- Det. GOD E34:N35:X1-S29-N35 wn-complement-t-s-n V28-N35:D36-V31 H-n-a-k ============================================================================== Date: Fri, 24 Aug 2007 15:58:05 +0200 From: Serge Rosmorduc To: Ancient Egyptian Language List Subject: AEL New JSesh version Hello, I have just uploaded a new JSesh version: 2.4.12 what's new: * Improvement on mac os X. Menus are supposed to be real mac menus (if you use a recent enough version of Java), which means you can create your own shortcuts, for instance. JSesh files have now their own icon, and can be double-clicked. On the other hand, the "hieroglyphs" menu is now somehow slow. in a forthcoming version, it will be possible to swich modes between "java" menus and "mac" menus. * Improvement in the palette. variants, translitteration, parts of... * It is now possible to document sign values in an XML file (a more user-friendly interface is forthcoming), and so to add information about "new" signs. * Improved reading of macscribe files. * a few new signs, an hymn to Thot, etc. An important remark on the palette: I have created a framework for adding informations about signs, which the palette uses. However, the information itself is far from complete. If you are interested, completing this information is something that people with a reasonable knowledge of Egyptian (and currently not too afraid of dealing with XML files) can do. Volonteer are sought :-) Best regards, Serge Rosmorduc ============================================================================== Date: Sun, 26 Aug 2007 22:33:21 +0200 From: Serge Rosmorduc To: Ancient Egyptian Language List Subject: AEL important bug in JSesh 2.4.12 Hello all, I have just been notified of a very serious bug in JSesh 2.4.12 (apparently, it does occur only under window). This bug prevents JSesh from correctly saving the files: it produces empty files. So I advise those who have downloaded JSesh 2.4.12 not to use it (or at least, not to save files with it). A corrected version (numbered 2.4.13) should be released tomorrow. Sorry for the inconvenience, Best regards, S. Rosmorduc ==============================================================================