From: To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 22.6 Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2007 02:53:13 -0500 22.6 S(j) n HDt jtrw 1000 pw m Aw.f nj Dd sx(w).f nj wnt rm HfAw nb jm.f The Lake of the White Hippopotamus: it is 1000 rivers in its length, its width cannot be told, there is not any fish or snake in it. S(j) n HDt = The Lake of the White Hippopotamus jtrw 1000 = 1000 rivers? pw = demonstrative pronoun m Aw.f = in its length, nj Dd sxw.f = it's width cannot be told, passive nj wnt = there is not, negateed sDmt.f of wnn, negates existence rm HfAw nb = any fish or snake jm.f = in it , prepositional phrase This text is written with retrograde signs and is to be read in the direction that the signs face. The opening noun phrase 'Sj n HDt', the Lake of the White Hippopotamus has the nature of heading, establishing the topic of the sentence. A series of statements follow, which use a pronoun to refer back to it. (C.f. the use of a noun before an adjectival predicate in Ex. 7.21.) The first statement is an A pw nominal sentence, 'jtrw 1000 pw m Aw.f', Itis 1000 rivers in its length. Note that 'pw' comes as near to the start of the sentence as possible, but cannot separate the direct genitive 'jtrw 1000'. The next statement is 'nj Dd sxw.f'. The subject 'sxw.f' cannot be the actorof 'Dd'; so the verb is passive. The negated passive, like the negated perfect, negates ability or necessity. So it's width cannot be told. The final statement begins with 'nj wnt', the negated sDmt.f of wnn. This expresses the non-existence of the subject 'rm HfAw nb', any fish or snake The sentence is qualified by 'jm.f', in it (i.e. the lake). 22.6 Sj n HDt: jtrw 1000 pw m Aw.f, nj Dd sx(w).f, nj wnt rm HfAw nb jm.f This is inscribed retrograde! It's written from left to right, but with the signs facing the end instead of the beginning! Allen says this occurs in religious texts, and I think this is the first time we've seen it in homework. In any case, I couldn't make heads or tails of it (if you'll pardon the pun) until I saw this in the answer key. Sj - noun "lake" note the literal stroke n - preposition, introducing an indirect genitive HDt - noun "(white) hippopotamus" "The Lake of the White Hippopotamus" This is a title or heading jtrw - noun "rivers" 1000 - number pw - demontrative m - preposition Aw.f - noun phrase "its length" This is an 'A pw' sentence modified by an adverbial prepositional phrase, meaning "It is 1000 rivers in its length." Section 9.7.1 mentions that a "river" is a unit of length measurement equal to 20000 cubits. This is about 10000 kilometres by the stated conversion factor, so there is some exaggeration here. nj - negative particle Dd - passive of the 2-lit verb "say" sx(w).f - noun phrase "its width" "Its width cannot be told." nj - negative particle wnt - sDmt.f of the 2ae-gem. verb wnn rm - noun "fish" note literal stroke HfAw - noun "snakes" nb - adjective "every, any" jm.f - prepositional phrase "in it" The negated sDmt.f of wnn 'nj wnt' has the meaning of negating the existence of something. The noun phrase 'rm HfAw nb' here acts as the subject. "There are not any fish or snakes in it." 22.6 N37:Z1:N35-T3\\-X1:E25\\-M17\\-X1:D21-G43\\-N37-M12-Q3-G43\\-G17\\-F40 \\-G43\\-I9\\:D35\\-I10\\? X1:D21-G17\\-K1\\:Z1\\-V28-I9\\-G1\\-G43\\-M17\\-G17\\-I9\\ ORIENTATION: Left to right, horizontal, retrograde TRANSLITERATION: Sj n HDt jtrw xA pw m Aw.f nj Dd sx(w).f nj wnt rm HfAw jm.f TRANSLATION: "The lake of the white hippopotamus is 1000 rivers wide. It's length is not yet told. There is not a fish or snake in it." VOCABULARY: Sj = noun, m = "lake, precinct, basin land" n = preposition HDt = noun, f = "(white) hippopotamus" jtrw = "noun, m = "river" xA = numeral = 1000 f = suffix pronoun, ms nj = negative particle Aw = noun, m = "length" nj = negative particle f = suffix pronoun, ms Dd = verb, 2lit = "say, speak" sXw = noun, m = "width" wn = verb, 2gem = "exist, be" rm = noun, m = "fish" HfAw = noun, m = "snake" nb = adj, m = "all, every" jm = preposition GRAMMAR: Sj n HDt = the subject in apposition to the A pw clause following. jtrw xA pw = A pw clause. m Aw.f = prepositional phrase, adverbial, indicating the unit of measure. The .f refers to Sj. nj Dd sX(w).f = construing nj Dd as nj Dd(t) with the t omitted following the d (22.12). The inanimate subject Aw indicates that the verb is passive. In my translation the subject of this sentence: "it", is also a relative, referring to the lake. In this case the translation is "not yet". In Egyptian, the .f refers to Sj, the lake. nj wnt = (22.15) means that the subject does not exist. rm HfAw = subjects of wnt. These nouns are singular in number. jm.f = prepositional phrase. m taking the form jm when followed by a suffix pronoun. The .f again refers to Sj. GARDINER SIGNS: N37:Z1 Sj - Used as ideogr of signs meant to be read as ideograms rather than phonograms N35 n T3-X1:E25 HD-t- Det HIPPOPOTAMUS M17-X1:D21-G43-N37 j-t-r-w- Ideogr for Sj "basin, pool, lake" M12 xA Ideogr for xA "1000" Q3-G43 p-w G17 m F40-G43-I9 Aw-complement-f D35 nj I10? D-d S29-Aa1:W10-I9 s-x- Det and ideogr in wsx "wide" and related words-f D35 nj E34:N35-X1 wn-complement-t D21-G17-K1:Z1 r-m- Det in jnt "bulti"Determinative- Used as ideogr of signs meant to be read as ideograms rather than phonograms V28-I9-G1-G43 H-f-A-w M17-G17-I9 j-m-f A ============================================================================== From: To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 22.5 Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2007 02:11:15 -0500 22.5 nj smA.n.j st r sDmtw.j Ddtj.tn r.T nj - negation. Here, negation of the perfect usually denotes a negation of action, ability or necessity (=C2§18.14) smA (3.lit) - to kill, here perfect st - it, they, them sDm - hear, listen to. Here, the sDmt form with w (=C2§22.12) r + sDmtw.j - until I have heard Ddtj.tn - 'what you might say' r.T - with respect to it SO: I cannot kill them until I have heard what you might say about it 22.5 nj smA.n.j st r sDmtw.j Ddtj.tn r.s "I cannot kill them until I have heard what you might say about it." nj - negative particle smA.n.j - perfect of the 3-lit. verb "kill" with 1S suffix pronoun as subject st - 3N dependent pronoun as object The negated perfect "denotes the negation of action, ability, or necessity" (section 18.14) and usually indicates something that is true at the time of speaking. So this is "I cannot kill them" r sDmtw.j - r sDmt.f form with the 3-lit verb "hear" and 1S suffix pronoun as subject. The 'w' indicates that the 't' ending was pronounced. The sDmt.f describes complete action, but after the pronoun 'r' "with respect to" it has the meaning of until the action is completed. So this is "until I have heard" Ddtj.tn - verb form glossed as "what you might say" r.s - prepositional phrase "with respect to it" referring to the killing in the main clause. This forms an unmarked noun clause which is the object of the sDmtw.j. "I cannot kill them until I have heard what you might say about it." 22.5 Transliteration: nj smA.n.j st r sDmtw.j Ddtj.tn r.s Dissection: 1) nj smA.n.j st = "I cannot kill them*" (st = 3N pronoun) 2) r sDmtw.j = per Allen, sDmtw.j=sDmt.j; sDmt.f form after r (22.14); "until I have heard" 3) Ddtj.tn r.s = "what you might say with respect to (i.e., about) it (.s=3FS suffix pronoun*) Translation: "I cannot kill them until I have heard what you might say about it." QUESTION: In looking back at the pronouns, I see st can be both a 3N or a 3FS. Could this clause beinterpreted as referring to a group of women or a woman? "I cannot kill her (3FS) until I have heard what you might way about her (3FS)? The 2007 GlyphStudy may be interested in this question since it refers to pronouns, unless I'm way off base on my possible interpretations. Any clarifications are welcomed. As for context, it appears that this is from Hornung's Der agyptische Mythos Von Der Himmelskuh, section 3-4 (according to Allen's source citations). ============================================================================== From: To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 22.8 Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2007 02:54:46 -0500 22.8 transliteration: m Haw n ntt nj xprt translation: "Don't get excited because of what has not happened yet." This sentence involves the negated imperative 'm Haw'. This uses 'm', the imperative of the negative verb 'jmj', followed by the negatival complement of the of the 3ae-inf. verb 'Haj' ("become aroused, excited"). The negatival complement is formed using the base stem with the ending 'w' attached, which is here explicitly written. 'm Haw' means "don't get excited". This is modified by the prepositional phrase 'n ntt nj xprt'. The object of the preposition 'n' is the antecedent-less direct relative clause 'ntt nj xprt'. This clause involves the negation, using 'nj', of the sDmt.f of the 3-lit. verb 'xpr' ("evolve, happen, occur"). The sDmt.f here is formed by appending 't' to the base stem of the verb. The subject of this clause is not explicitly given, but is understood; in the translation, the relative pronoun "what" is used as the subject of the relative clause. The combination of 'n ntt' means "because". Since the negated sDmt.f in relative clauses is usually best translated by "not yet" with an English past or present perfect tense, we have that 'n ntt nj xprt' means "because of what has not happened yet". 22.8 m Haw n ntt nj xprt Don't become excited because of what has not yet happened. m = ?Don't?, negative imperative Haw = ?be excited?, negatival complement n ntt = ?for that?, §12.13.2 nj xprt = ?which has not yet happened?, negated sDmt.f This sentence starts with a negative imperative 'm Haw', Don't be excited'. The object of the following preposition, 'n' is a relative clause with no antecedent, 'ntt nj Xprt'. This contains the negated sDmt.f of xpr, and like the example at the top of page 310, omits the subject of the verb. It means that which has not yet happened. 22.8 m Haw n ntt nj xprt m - imperative negation, 'don't' Haj - (3ae inf) become aroused, excited n - genetive, 'of' ntt - relative adjective 'that' nj - negation xprt - sDmt form of the verb xpr, to exist SO: Do now become excited because of something which does not yet exist. 22.8 m = imperative = Don't Haj verb 3ae-inf = become aroused, excited aw = negatival complement m Haw = don't become excited (S.16.4) n = preposition = because of ntt = marks a relative clause nj = negation xpr = verb 3-lit = happen, evolve xprt = sDmt.f form nj sprt = has not yet happened (S.22.13) n ntt nj xprt = because of what has not yet happened m Haw n ntt nj xprt = don't become excited about something that has not yet happened 22.8 ORIENTATION: Right to left, horizontal, prograde TRANSLITERATION: m Haw n ntt nj xprt TRANSLATION: "Do not become excited over what has not yet happened." VOCABULARY: Haj = verb, 3inf = "become aroused, excited" GRAMMAR: m Haw = m + negatival complement (verb ending in -w) = the negative imperative. n ntt = prepositional relative phrase. ntt = feminine relative either because it refers to some feminine noun preceeding this sentence or, more likely, because it refers to a generic event. nj xprt = nj sDmt indicating that something has not yet happened. GARDINER SIGNS: G17-V28-D36-Z7-A28-N35-N35:X1:X1-D35-L1-D21:X1 G17 m V28-D36-Z7-A28 H-a-w- Det. JOY N35 n N35:X1:X1 n-t-t D35 nj L1-D21:X1 xprr-complement-t m Haw n ntt jn xprt "Don't get excited over something that hasn't happened yet." Vocabulary: Haj (verb 3-weak): to become aroused/excited xpr (verb 3-lit): to evolve, happen, occur The main verb in the sentence is a negated imperative - 'Don't get excited!' The negated imperative is is formed with the particle 'm' followed by the negatival complement (see Allen 14.17 and 16.4). Apparently the verb 'Haj' combined with the preposition 'n' to form an idiom meaning 'to get excited OVER [something]. The rest of the sentence is a marked relative clause without an overt antecedent - the listener is being urged not to get excited over [SOMETHING] WHICH HASN'T HAPPENED YET. As Allen points out in 22.13, the construction 'nj + sDmt.f' is used in relative clauses to indicate that something has not yet happened. See the example given in that section which is exactly parallel to this exercise sentence. ============================================================================== From: To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 22.7 Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2007 02:53:53 -0500 22.7 transliteration: m(j) mj rm.n wsjr Dr Hrt.f r.n translation: "Come now! Let us weep for Osiris since he has gone away from us." This line begins with the independent clause 'mj mj'. This starts with the special imperative 'mj' meaning "come". This is followed by the enclitic particle 'mj' for emphasis and is translated here by "now". The rest of the line is the sentence 'rm.n wsjr Dr Hrt.f r.n'. This starts with one of the sDm.f forms of the 3ae-inf. verb 'rmj' which means "weep". Which one cannot be deduced from the writing, but from context and usage it can be determined. The verb has an object ('wsjr') and so the passive forms can be eliminated. The imperfective in main clauses is usually introduced by a particle, which is not the case here; more to the point, the imperfective in such clauses is used to express generalizations, but this doesn't fit the context here. This leaves the subjunctive, which does fit the context since it can be used in main clauses to express exhortations. That the subjunctive is being used here to express an exhortation can be concluded from the fact that it immediately follows a clause using an imperative and given the general meaning of the sentence especially the concluding prepositional phrase 'Dr Hrt.f r.n'. The 1P suffix pronoun 'n' attached to 'rm' is the subject ("we") of the sentence. 'rmj' evidently is/can be used transitively in Egyptian, and the object of the verb here is 'wsjr' ("Osiris"). The subjunctive is used here to express an exhortation, so 'rm.n wsjr' is translated here by "let us weep for Osiris". The rest of the sentence is the prepositional phrase 'Dr Hrt.f r.n'. The preposition is 'Dr'. The object of the preposition is the unmarked noun clause 'Hrt.f r.n' where 'Hrt' is the sDmt.f of the 3ae-inf. verb 'Hrj' ("go far away"). The 3MS suffix pronoun 'f' is the subject ("he") of the clause. The preposition 'Dr' with the sDmt.f has the sense of "since/because"; thus, 'Dr Hrt.f' means "since he has gone away". 'Hrt.f' is modified by the prepositional phrase 'r.n'. The preposition 'r' here has the meaning of "from" indicating separation from 'n', "us"; thus, 'r.n' is translated here "from us". 22.7 m(j) mj rm.n wsjr Dr Hrt.f r.n m(j) = imperative = come (S.16.2.2) mj = enclitic particle = please, now mj mj = Come now (S.16.7.6) rmj = verb 3ae-inf = weep, weep for rm.n = subjunctive + suffix pronoun = let us weep for (S.19.5.1) wsjr = Osiris m(j) mj rm.n wsjr = Come now, let us weep for Osiris Dr = preposition = since Hrj = verb 3ae-inf = go far away Hrt.f = sDmt.f form (active) = completed action = he has gone far away r.n = preposition + suffix pronoun = from us Dr Hrt.f r.n = since he has gone far away from us m(j) mj rm.n wsjr Dr Hrt.f r.n = Come now, let us weep for Osiris, since he has gone far away from us 22.7 Transliteration: m(j) mj rm.n wsjr Dr Hrt.f r.n Dissection: 1) m(j) mj = Come now (16.7.6) 2) rm.n = from rmj (verb 3ae-inf.) "weep, weep for" + 1PL suffix pronoun 3) wsjr = Osiris 4) Dr Hrt.f = sDmt.f form after Dr (22.14); "since he has gone far away" 5) r.n = "from us" Translation: Come now, let us weep for Osiris since he has gone far away from us. _______________________________________________ 22.7 m(j) mj, rm.n wsjr, Dr Hrt.f r.n "Come now, let us weep for Osiris, since he has gone far away from us." Vocabulary: mj (irregular imperative): see Allen 16.2.2; the anomalous verb jj / jwj (to come) has an irregular imperative 'mj'. m(j) (enclitic particle): see Allen 16.7.6; this can be translated as 'please' or 'now'. Commonly found after imperatives. Hrj (verb, 3-weak): to go far away rmj (verb, 3-weak): to weep for rm.n: This is the subjunctive of the verb 'rmj' (with the first- person plural suffix pronoun) used in a hortatory sense: "Let us weep". From what Allen says, this is a common use of the subjunctive in main clauses (19.5.1) Dr Hrt.f: See Allen 22.14; the sDm.t form can be used after certain prepositions. When used with the preposition 'dr', it has the meaning 'since' or 'because'. r.n: 'from us'. This use of the preposition 'r' threw me for a bit, until I re-read the section on prepositions in chapter 8. In addition to its other meanings, the preposition 'r' can indicate separation from something. Here, it is separation FROM US (Allen 8.2.7). ==============================================================================