From: <kmotc@swbell.net>
To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" <AEgyptian-L@rostau.org.uk>
Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 22.4
Date: Thu, 9 Aug 2007 15:06:36 -0500

22.4
Transliteration: snD.n.f n.j jw.j m xd nj aHAT.n
Dissection:
1) snD.n.f n.j =
perfect form of verb 3-lit. snD
"become afraid"; "He had become afraid of me"
2) jw.j m xd = nonverbal adverb clause (12.17);
"while I was (going) downstream/north"
3) nj aHAT.n = per Allen, aHAT.n=aHAt.n (2.8.3);
negated sDmt.f form of aHA "fight", "before we hadfought"

Translation:
Paraphrase: "He became afraid of me while I was
heading downstream before we had even fought."

22.4
snD.n.f n.j jw.j m xD nj aHAT.n
snD - become afraid, here perfect: snD.n.f - he has become afraid
n.j. - of me
jw - proclitic particle, asserts that the statement is true from the
speaker's point of view
m xD - downstream, north
nj - negation
aHA - fight, here in sdmt-form
SO:
He has become afraid of me (while) I was downstream (and)
there was no
fighting them yet.
(i.e. before the fight ever began)
==============================================================================

From: <kmotc@swbell.net>
To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" <AEgyptian-L@rostau.org.uk>
Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 22.1
Date: Thu, 9 Aug 2007 15:02:04 -0500

22.1
rdj.jn Hm.f njs.tw n.f rx-nswt ntj m xt Hm.f
njs (verb, 3-lit): to call, summon
rx-nswt (noun): courtier, lit "acquaintance of the king"
xt (noun): wake, train
rdj (verb, anomalous): to give, to cause
The main verb here is 'rdj' used in the sDm.jn.f form. 'Then he
caused'. This form is used to
indicate subsequent action.
rdj.jn Hm.f njs.tw - Here, the subjunctive of the verb 'njs' is used
after 'rdj' to express a causative
meaning (Allen 19.10) "Then the king gave that one should call unto
him".
rx-nswt ntj m xt Hm.f - the object of the calling; 'ntj' introduces a
direct relative
phrase describing 'rx-nswt': "a courtier who was in His train"
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Dd.jn n.f Hm.f SAs jr.k m xntyt HnA jzwt Aprw
Dd.jn ...Hm.f: "(And then) His Incarnation said to him." Expresses
subsequent action.
SAs (verb, 3-lit): to go, to proceed. Imperative form 'Go!'
jr.k (enclitic particle): relates the clause to a preceding one.
m xntyt (prep phrase): upstream
jzwt (noun): crew
Apr (adj): experienced
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
m sDr grH mj hrw r sprt.k r AbDw
sDr (verb, 3-lit): to lie down, sleep
spr (verb, 3-lit): to arrive at
AbDw (place noun): Abydos
Dd.jn n.f Hm.f - "And (then) his Incarnation said to him..." Again,
the sDm.jn.f construction
is used to indicate that the action of this clause is linked
temporally to the previous one.
m sDr - this is a negative imperative with the little word 'm'
followed by the negatival complement:
"Don't sleep". See Allen 14.17 and 16.4
grH mj hrw (phrase): day and night, day or night. (Literally, "day
like night")
r sprt.k - this is the sDmt.f construction used as the object of the
preposition 'r'. See Allen 22.14; it
can be translated as "until you arrive"
**************************
22.1
rdj.jn Hm.f njs.tw n.f rx-nswt ntj m xt Hm.f, Dd.jn n.f Hm.f
SAs.jr.k m xntyt Hna jzwt aprw
m sDr grH mj hrw r sprt.k r AbDw
"Then his incarnation had summoned to him a king's acquaintance,
one who
was of the following of his incarnation, Then said to him his
incarnation, "You then proceed upstream together with an
experienced
crew. Don't lie down by night or day until you arrive at Abydos."
rdj.jn - sDm.jn.f of the anom. verb rdj, denoting past, subesquent
action
Hm.f - noun phrase "His Incarnation" referring to the pharoh,
subject of rdj.
"His Incarnation (then) made (that) ..."
njs.tw - perfective (?) of teh 3-lit. verb njs "summon" with the
impersonal suffix pronoun as subject, making this a passive usage
n.j - dative "to him"
rx-nswt - "one who is known to the king" Allen translates this as
"King's acquaintance" in the key. object of the passive verb form.
"...a king's acquaintance was summoned..."
ntj - relative adjective "who, which"
m xt - compound preposition "after"
hm.f - "His Incarnation" object of the preposition.
This a relative clause modifying rx-nswt. It means
"...one who was a follower of His Incarnation."
Dd.jn - sDm.jn.f of the 2-lit. verb Dd "say"
n.f - dative "to him"
Hm.f - "His Incarnation" subject of Dd
This begins a new sentence, and introduces a direct quotation.
Together, the first line says, "His Incarnation (then) gave (that) was
summoned to him a King's Acquaintance, who was a follower of His
Incarnation. His Incarnation (then) said to him, "
The second line reads:
SAs - imperative of teh 3-lit verb "go off, proceed"
jr.k - "with respect to you(rself)" ?
m xntyt - "upstream"
hna - "together with"
jzwt - noun "crew"
aprw - adj "experienced"
"Go upstream with an experienced crew."
The third line completes the quotation:
m - nagative imerative "don't (do)"
sDr - infinitve (?) "sleep, lie down, spending the night"
grH - noun "night"
mj - preposition "like"
hrw - noun "day"
r sprt.k - r sDmt.f of the 3-lit verb spr "arrive"
literally this means "with respect to you completed arrival"
usually translated "before/until you arrive"
r AbDw - adverbial prepositonal phrase "at Abydos"
"Don't sleep, night like day, until you arrive at Abydos."
Question: I don't understand the grammar of the 'grH mj hrw'
phrase. It seems a noun phrase on its own, but how does it
function in the sentence. sDr is intransitive, so it can'
t be the object. Is it an implied imperative? "(Make the)
night like day"?

************************************************************
22.1
Transliteration:
rdj.jn Hm.f njs.tw n.f rx-(n)swt ntj m xt Hm.f, Dd.jn
n.f Hm.f
SAs jr.k m xntyt Hna jswt aprw
m sDr grH mj hrw r sprt.k r AbDw
Dissection:
1) rdj.jn Hm.f = sDm.jn.f form of rdj (verb anom.),
lit., "Then His Incarnation put, allowed, caused..."
2) njs.tw n.f = from njs (verb 3-lit.) "call, summon,"
"had called to him"
3) rx-(n)swt = "king's-acquaintance" According to
www.gizapyramids.org/pdf%20library/reisner_gn_books/giza_necropolis_1/ch_4_pp27to36.pdf, 
this title at one time referred to the grandson or other descendant of a king.
4) ntj = "who"
5) m = "in"
6) xt Hm.f = a direct genitive phrase: xt = "wake,
train" (possibly "retinue"?), so "the retinue of His
Incarnation."
7) Dj.jn n.f Hm.f = sDm.jn.f j form of Dd, "then His
Incarnation said to him:"
8) SAs = imperative of verb 3-lit. SAs "Go off!
Proceed!"
9) jr.k = lit., "with respect to yourself"
10) m xntyt = "upstream, south"
11) Hna = "with" (8.2.9)
12) jzwt aprw = "experienced crew"
13) m sDr = negated imperative, "Do not lie down! Do
not spend the night! Do not sleep!"
14) grH = "night"
15) mj = lit., "like"
16) hrw = "day"
17) r sprt.k = "until you arrive"
18) r AbDw = "at Abydos"
Translation:
Literal: "Then His Incarnation caused a king's
acquaitance who was in his retinue to be called to
him, then His Incarnation said to him: 'Go off with
respect to yourself upstream with an experienced crew.
Do not sleep (at) night like the day until you arrive
at Abydos."
Paraphrase: "Then His Incarnation had a
king's-acquaintance, who was in his retinue, called to
himself and said to him: 'Go upstream with an
experienced crew of sailors. Don't sleep by night or
day until you have arrived at Abydos."
==============================================================================

From: <kmotc@swbell.net>
To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" <AEgyptian-L@rostau.org.uk>
Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 22.3
Date: Thu, 9 Aug 2007 15:05:59 -0500

22.3
m.k nn dj.j n.f wAt r sprt.k
Look, I will not let him go until you arrive.
m.k = "Look", particle
nn dj.j n.f wAt = "I will not let him go", literally "I will not
give the
road to him", nn + subjunctive
r sprt.k = "until you arrive", r + sDmt.f
After the introductory particle 'm.k' comes 'nn dj.j n.f wAt'.
The verb is a negated subjunctive,
since the subjunctive is the only sDm.f form that is negated
by 'nn' (§26.29.2).
The main clause means literally
"I will not give the road to him".
Accordingto Allen's dictionary (p. 456)
'rdj wAt n' is an idiom meaning "to let go".
In this case, with a pronomial object, 'n.f'
comes before 'wAt',
in accordance with the usual rules of Egyptian word order.
So the whole clause means "I will not let him go".
The sentence concludes with an example of the sDmt.f after
a preposition (§22.14),
'r sprt.k', "until you arrive".

********************************************************************
22.3
ORIENTATION: Right to left, horizontal, prograde
TRANSLITERATION:
m.k nn dj.j n.f wAt r sprt.k
TRANSLATION:
"See, I will not let him go before you arrive."
VOCABULARY:
m.k = introductory particle = "see, behold"
nn = negative particle
dj = verb, anom = "give, put, place, cause"
j = suffix pronoun, 1ms
wAt = noun, f = "road"
spr = verb, 3lit = "arrive"
k = suffix pronoun, 2ms
GRAMMAR:
m.k = introductory particle (really a verb?)
nn = negates dj.
dj = subjunctive. Of the forms studied so far, dj is a form of
the stative, subjunctive, and imperfective.
The stative is ruled out by the presence of the suffix pronoun
acting as a subject.
nn is not the proper negative for the imperfective,
but it is for the subjunctive.
nn + subjunctive implies future action.
dj.j n.f wAt = paradigm VsdO
r sprt.k = prepositional phrase. r + sdmt.f form = "until,
before"
GARDINER SIGNS:
G17-D36:V31-D35:N35:D37-A1:N35-I9:N31-X1*Z1:D21-
F42:D21:X1-D54:V31
G17-D36:V31
m-var for D38 or D39-k
D35:N35
nn-complement
D37
dj
A1
j
N35-I9
n-f
N31-X1*Z1
Det for wAt "road", also ideogr for same-complement- Used
as ideogr
of signs meant to be read as ideograms rather than
phonograms
D21
r
F42:D21:X1-D54:V31
spr-complement-t- Det MOTION-k

22.3
m.k nn rd.j n.f wAT r sprt.k
m.k - look (particle)
nn- negation
rdj - give
wAt - road
n.f - dative, to him
r - until
sprj - arrive
nn dj.j - negated subjunctive
sprt - sdmt-form
SO:
Look, I will not let him leave (literally: give him road) until
you arrive.

22.3
m.k nn dj.j n.f wAt r sprt.k
m.k = proclitic particle = behold, look
nn = negation
rdj = verb anom = give, put, cause
dj.j = subjunctive + suffix pronoun = I will give
nn dj.j = I will not give
n.f = to him
wAt = noun = road
m.k nn dj.j n.f wAt = Look, I will not give to him the road
r
spr = verb 3-lit = arrive
sprt.k = sDmt.f form = completed action = you have arrived
r sprt.k = until you have arrived (S22.14)
m.k nn dj.j n.f wAt r sprt.k = Look, I will not give to him the
road until you have arrived = Look, I will not let him leave
before you arrive
==============================================================================

From: <kmotc@swbell.net>
To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" <AEgyptian-L@rostau.org.uk>
Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 22.2
Date: Thu, 9 Aug 2007 15:05:01 -0500

22.2
sr.sn DA nj jjt.f nSnj nj xprt.f
"They could predict a windstorm before it came, a rainstorm
before it happened."
sr (verb, 2-lit): to predict
DA (noun): windstorm
nSnj (noun): tempest, rainstorm
xpr (verb, 3-lit): to happen, evolve, occur
This sentence shows the negated sDmt.f (Allen 22.13). 
Allen says the 'nj + sDmt.f' is most commonly used
in adverb clauses, where it has the meaning 'before
something happens/happened'.
nj jjt.f - before it came
nj xprt.f - before it happened
Like some of the others, I'm a little undecided whether these
clauses modify the verb 'predict', or the nouns. 
Since Allen mentions adverb phrases, I'll go along:
WHEN could they predict the windstorm? 
Before it happened.
WHEN could the predict the rainstorm? Before it happened.
(On further reflection, you wonder if these clauses are really
necessary, in Egyptian OR in English. A prediction, by
definition, means that you're stating that something will happen in the 
future, obviously before it happens. It would be more concise and 
logical tosay 

"They could predict windstorms and rainstorms. Period.
Like the redundancy on road signs: 
"Speed checked by detection devices". 
Of course there are detection devices, otherwise how could they
measure your speed?)
My other queasiness about this sentence involves the verb
'sr'.
I'm assuming that it's the imperfective form.
The base meaning would then be: they were predicting, or
they used to predict.
I'll allow Allen a little license in his translation, since it's not
that far a step from "They used to predict" to "They could predict".

********************************************

22.2
sr.sn Da nj jjt.f nSnj nj xprt.f
They could predict a windstorm before it came,
a rainstorm before it happened.
sr.sn = "They could predict", imperfective (Allen)
Da = "a windstorm", object of 'sr.sn'
nj jjt.f = "before it came", negated sDmt.f of jj (Anom.)
nSnj = "a rainstorm", also object of 'sr.sn'
nj xprt.f = "before it happened", negated sDmt.f of 'xpr' (3-lit.)
This sentence starts with 'sr.sn'
which Allen glosses as an imperfective
which should be translated "They could predict".
(The imperfective expresses actions which are generally or
always true.)
This verb has two objects,
each with an associated adverb clause containing the
negated sDmt.f. (§22.13)
The first object is 'Da', "a windstorm",
and the adverb clause is 'nj jjt.f', "before it came".
The second is 'nSnj', "a rainstorm",
and the adverb clause is 'nj xprt.f',"before it happened".

*****************************
22.2
sr.sn Da nj jjt.f nSnj nj xprt.f
sr.sn - imperfective of the 2-lit. verb "predict"
with 3PL suffix pronoun as subject.
glossed as "They could predict"
Da - noun "windstorm" object of the verb
"They could predict a windstorm"
nj - negative particle
jjt.f - sDmt.f of the anom verb jj. This shows completed
action "it came"
When used in a relative or adverbial clause,
nj sDmt.f has the meaning "before it happened" 
so we have "They could predict a windstorm before it came."
nSnj - noun "rainstorm, torrent" This is another object of the
verb 'sr'
nj - negative particle
xprt.f - sDmt.f of the 3-lit. verb xpr, "evolve, happen"
This is a similar phrase of prior completion
"a rainstorm before it happened."
Putting these together we have,
"They could predict a windstorm before it came, a rainstorm
before it happened."

QUESTION:
are the nj sDmt.f phrases adverbial or relative clauses here?
I think they must be relative, since both Da and nSnj are
objects of the initial verb; that means the whole thing must be a noun
phrase, and thus the nj clauses must modify the individual nouns. Is that
correct?

Could you also say 'sr.sn Da Hna nSnj jn xprt.sn' to use an
adverb clause instead?

*******************************************

22.2
Allen: sr.sn = "they could predict" (imperfective)
ORIENTATION: right to left, horizontal, prograde
TRANSLITERATION: sr.sn Da nj jjt.f nSny nj xprt.f
TRANSLATION: "They could predict a windstorm which had
not yet come
and a rainstorm which had not yet happened."
VOCABULARY:
Da = noun,m = "windstorm"
nn = negative particle
jj = verb, anom = "come, return"
f = suffix pronoun, ms
nSnj = noun, m = "rainstorm
xpr = verb, 3lit = "become, occur"
GRAMMAR:
Da = object of sr
nj jjt = nj sDmt.f construction (22.13), "before X has happened"
nSnj = subject of jj
nj xpr = another jn sDmt.f construction
GARDINER SIGNS: O34:D21-E27-S29-N35:Z2-I10:D36-P5-
D35-M18-M17-X1:D54-
I9-N35:N37-N35:Z4-E20-D35-L1-D21:X1:I9
O34:D21-E27-S29-N35:Z2
z-r- Det in sr "foretell"-s-n- Det in PLURAL
I10:D36-P5
D-a- mast with sail
D35
nj
M18-M17-X1:D54-I9
j-j-t- Det MOTION-f
N35:N37-N35:Z4-E20
n-S-n-j- Det TURMOIL, CHAOS
D35
nj
L1-D21:X1:I9
xprr-complement-t-f
22.2
sr.sn Da nj jjt.f nSnj nj xprt.f
sr = verb 2-lit = predict
sr.sn = imperfective = they could predict (given by Allen ? I
wondered where the ?could? came from, but possibly the
bare translation is ?they predict? and inserting the ?could?
just makes more sense?)
Da = noun = windstorm
nj
jj = anom verb = come
jjt.f = sDmt.f form = completed action = it had come
nj jjt.f = before it had come (S22.13)
nSnj = noun = rainstorm
nj
xpr = verb 3-lit = happen
xprt.f = sDmt.f form = completed action = it had happened
nj xprt.f = before it had happened (S22.13)
They could predict a windstorm before it had come, a
rainstorm before it had happened
==============================================================================