From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 21.3 Date: Tue, 26 Jun 2007 20:20:18 -0500 21.3 aHa.n jr mj wDt nbt Hm.f aHa.n - introductory word =then jr - verb, 3ae-inf., (jrj) passive = was done mj - preposition = like wDt nbt Hm.f - from Allen = all that his Incarnation commanded =Then it was done like all that his Incarnation commanded. 21.3 TRANSLITERATION: aHa.n jr mj wDt nbt Hm.f aHa.n - introductory word, "then" (used at the beginning of a sentence, or a clause) jr - passive form "was made" (from 3ae-gem. verb "do, make") - passive without an expressed subject (see 21.9) mj - preposition "like" wDt - 2-lit. verb "command" nbt - all (fem. form) Hm.f - noun phrase "his majesty" (Hm - noun "majesty, .f - 3MS personal suffix pronoun "his") wDt nbt Hm.f - "all that his majesty commanded" TRANSLATION: "Then it was made, like all that his majesty commanded" 21.3 aHa.n jr mj wDt nbt Hm.f Then it was done like all that His Incarnation commanded. aHa.n = then, introduces a main clause jr = (it) was done?, passive with omitted subject §21.9 mj = like, preposition wDt nbt Hm.f = all that His Incarnation commanded (Allen) This sentence has only aHa.n, the verb, jr, and a phrase following the preposition m. It is an example of the passive without an expressed subject, similar to the first example of §21.9. So the verb is translated it was done. Then, using the translation that Allen supplies for the object of the preposition, the sentence reads Then it was done like all that His Incarnation commanded. The word wDt is a relative form. It is used by Allen as a paradigm in Chapter 24 at the top of page 348. Note that relative forms, like adjectives, have only three forms masculine singular, masculine plural and feminine. So the transliteration is not wDwt, but wDt; the sign Z7 is a phonetic complement for V24 (see the dictionary entry for wD on page 457). ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 21.2 Date: Tue, 26 Jun 2007 20:19:25 -0500 Exercise 21.2 transliteration: jmj jn.tw n.j xnrj wd nkn.f translation: Have a prisoner, whose punishment has been set, broughtto me. This sentence begins with the 'jmj', the special (but more common) imperative form of the anomalous verb 'rdj'. Being an imperative, the subject is not explicitly written. The object of 'jmj' is the (unmarked noun) clause 'jn.tw n.j xnrj wd nkn.f'. This clause begins with the verbal form 'jn.tw' which Involves the subjunctive form of the 3ae-inf. verb 'jnj' ("fetch, get"). Note that the 'jnj' differs from other 3ae-inf. verbs in that its subjunctive form is not simply given by the base stem, but has an ending 't';that is, the subjunctive form of 'jnj' is 'jnt'. When the suffix 'tw' is attached, as is the case here, only one 't' is written (sec. 19.4). The prepositional phrase 'n.j' means "to me". This is a dative, and itprecedes the subject since it involves a suffix pronoun and the subject is a noun phrase. The subject of this clause is 'xnrj wd nkn.f'. This begins with the noun(nisbe) 'xnrj' which means "prisoner". This is modified by the unmarked, indirect relative clause 'wd nkn.f'. The clause 'wd nkn.f' begins with the passive of the 3ae-inf. verb 'wdj'which means "set, put". The 'w' ending is not written here. The subject of the clause is the noun phrase 'nkn.f'. 'nkn' means "punishment". Attached is the 3MS suffix pronoun 'f' denoting possession ("his"); 'f' is also the co-referent of this relative clause and refers back to the undefined antecedent 'xnrj'. Like the perfect, the passive is used to express completed action or past action. In and of itself, therefore, the clause 'wd nkn.f' can be translated "his punishment has/has been set" or "his punishment was set". Since this clause is a relative clause here, "he" is replaced by the relative pronoun "whose" connecting this relative clause back to the antecedent "prisoner" ('xnrj'). Going back to the beginning, a form of the verb 'rdj' whose object is a noun clause with the subjunctive has causative meaning. Thus the imperative 'jmj' is translated here as "have". Putting all the above together, we have the translation "have a prisoner, whose punishment has been set, brought to me". Question: Faulkner gives one translation of wdj as `execute sentence' and Gardiner as `inflict'. If wd was the Prospective then xnrj wd nkn.f could read literally: `a prisoner will be executed/inflicted his punishment' or `a prisoner whose punishment will be carried out' - is this feasible? I only propose this because the translation in Lichtheim is: Have brought to me a prisoner from the prison, that he be executed' (I think Allen has omitted the glyphs for 'from the prison'). 21.2 Transliteration: jmj jn.tw n.j xnrj wd nkn.f Dissection: 1) jmj = imperative jm(j) (16.2.3) "give, put, cause" 2) jn.tw = jnj (verb 3ae-inf.) "get, fetch, bring"; jn is subjunctive + .tw "one" 3) jmj jn.tw = imperative + subjunctive construction (19.10, 5th example). Literally, "Give (that) one fetch" or "Cause (that) one bring" 4) n.j = "to me" 5) xnrj = "(a) prisoner" 6) wd = "has been set" (verb 3ae-inf., "put, set") 7) nkn.f = "his punishment" Translation: Literal: "Cause (that) one bring to me (a) prisoner, his punishment has been set." Paraphrase: "Bring to me a prisoner whose punishment has been set." ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 21.1D Date: Tue, 26 Jun 2007 20:18:19 -0500 21.1D wn.jn pA smn aHa.w Hr HbAbA, DADA.f m mjtt main clause: wn.jn introductory word = then pA - demonstrative pronoun =this/ that sometimes translated = the smn - noun = goose aHa.w - verb, 3-lit., plus 3MS suffix pronoun, stative = it stood up Hr - preposition (see 8.2.10) = and /also can be pseudoverbal construction? HbAbA - verb, 5-lit., perfect =waddled /if it is a pseudoverbal construction is =waddling =Then the goose stood up waddling. or =the goose stood up and waddled. subordinate clause: DADA.f - noun plus 3MS suffix pronoun = its head m - preposition mjtt - together with the above m = likewise = its head likewise. QUESTION: I would appreciate comments on the 'Hr', is it the preposition or the pseudo-verbal construction? 21.1D wn.jn pA smn aHa.(w) Hr HbAbA, DADA.f m mjtt words: wn.jn ? from wnn = then was (15.6) pA = the smn = goose aHa.w ? stative = (stood up and so is now) standing Hr = on HbAbA ? 5-lit `waddle' ; Hr HbAbA ? pseudoverbal = was waddling DADA.f = his head mjtt ? likeness; m mjtt = likewise literally: then was the goose standing, waddling, his head likewise better: then the goose stood up waddling, and its head likewise 21.1D read right to left wn.jn pA smn aHa.(w) Hr HbAbA DADA.f mjtt Then the goose stood up waddling and it's head likewise. wn.jn introductory word then pA demonstrative pronoun 5.8 that smn noun goose aHa verb 3-lit stood up HbAbA verb 5-lit waddling DADA head .f personal pronoun it's mjtt likewise 21.1D transliteration: wn.jn pA smn aHa.(w) Hr HbAbA DADA.f m mjtt translation: Then the goose had stood up waddling, its head [was] likewise. This sentence begins with a clause involving the SUBJECT-stative construction. When the SUBJECT-stative construction appears in a main/independent clause, the clause usually begins with a particle or introductory word; in this case, the main clause begins with the introductory word 'wn.jn', "then". This is followed by the subject of the clause, which is the noun phrase 'pA smn'. 'smn' means "goose" and is proceeded by the demonstrative pronoun 'pA' which is here treated rather as a definite article (sec. 5.10.3). The verb in this clause is 'aHa.w' which is the 3MS stative form of the intransitive 3-lit. verb 'aHa' which means "stand up". The 3MS stative suffix 'w' is not explicitly written here. The SUBJECT-stative of intransitive verbs is used to express completed action or past action. Thus, 'wn.jn pA smn aHa.w' can be translated "then the goose had stood up". 'Hr HbAhbA' is an unmarked adverb clause using the pseudoverbal construction with Hr. The subject in this clause is not explicitly written as it would refer to the same thing as the subject of the main clause (cf. the second example in section 15.9). '[jw.f] Hr HbAHbA' means "[it] is/was waddling". In its role as an adverb clause, it describes the manner in which action of the main clause occurs; so we could translate the clause as "as it was waddling". Allen instead uses a participle ("waddling") for the translation. The sentence concludes with the clause 'DADA.f m mjtt' which has an adverbial predicate. One could view this as another main clause; it can also be viewed as an unmarked adverb clause (particularly since it doesn't begin with an introductory particle or word). The subject of the clause is 'DADA.f' meaning "its head". The predicate is the prepositional phrase 'm mjtt'. 'mjtt' means "likeness", so 'm mjtt' basically means "in the likeness", i.e. "likewise". Putting it together, the clause means "its head was likewise". 21.1D Transliteration: wn.jn pA smn aHa.(w) Hr HbAbA DADA.f m mjtt Dissection: 1) wn.jn = introductory word "then" introducing a SUBJECT-stative construction (17.6) (Note: The 3rd paragraph of 17.6 even has this sentence as an example) 2) pA = demonstrative pronoun "that" 3) smn = "goose" 4) aHa.(w) = verb 3-lit. "stand up" with 3MS stative suffix .w = "stood up" 5) Hr HbAbA = Hr + infinitive construction showing concomitant action (with aHa.w), in this case, translated as "waddled" or "waddling." 6) DADA.f = "its (i.e., the goose's) head" 7) m mjtt = "likewise" from Allen's dictionary Translation: "...then the goose stood up, waddling, and likewise its head." ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 21.1C Date: Tue, 26 Jun 2007 20:17:47 -0500 21.1C aHa.n Dd.n Ddj Ddwt.f m HkAw aHa.n - introductory word = then Dd.n - verb, 2-lit., perfect = said n - preposition = by Ddj - proper name = Djedi Ddwt.f - noun plus 3MS suffix pronoun = his sayings m - preposition = of HkAw - noun = magic together with the above 'm' is an indirect genitive = then Djedi said his sayings of magic. 21.1C ORIENTATION: Right to Left, Horizontal, Normal TRANSLITERATION: aHa.n Dd.n Ddj Ddwt.f m HkAw TRANSLATION: "Then Djedi said his sayings of magic." VOCABULARY: aHa.n = particle = "then" Dd = verb, 2lit = "say" Ddj = noun, m, proper name = "Djedi" Ddwt = noun, plural = "sayings" f = suffix pronoun, m sing m = preposition HkAw = noun, m = "magic" GRAMMAR: aHa.n = Introduces sequential action Dd.n Ddj Ddwt.f = Paradigm VSO, verb is in the perfect form m HkAwt = prepositional phrase futher explaining Ddwt GARDINER SIGNS: P6-D36:N35-I10? G1-A2-Z3A P6-D36:N35 aHa-complement-n I10? D-d-n R11-R11-M17-Y1:A1 Dd-complement?-j- Det CONCEPTS- Determinative MAN I10? D-d-t- Det in PLURAL-f G17 m V28-D28-G1-A2-Z3A H-kA-complement-Det SPEAK, THINK- Det in PLURAL ******************************************************************* 21.1C aHa.n Dd.n Ddj Ddwt.f m HkAw words: aHa.n = then Dd.n ? from Dd 2-lit `say, tell, speak' ? with n suffix must be perfect = (has) said Ddj = Djedi - name Ddwt = sayings m = in/of, m of predication HkAw ? magic literally: then said Djedi sayings in/of magic (magical) better: then Djedi said sayings of magic 21.1C aHa.n Dd.n Ddi Ddwt.f m xkAw aHa.n - (introductory word) then Dd - (verb) to speak, here: perfect Ddi - a man's name (note: the phonogram Dd has the same value doubled) Ddwt.f - his sayings m - preposition, here in the meaning 'in or of material or contents' (§8.2.3) xkAw - magic SO: Then Djedi has spoken his sayings of magic (i.e, incantations) 21.1C aHa.n Dd n Ddj Ddwt.f m HkAw "Then Djedj said his sayings of magic." aHa.n - introductory word indicating subsequent action "then" Dd.n - 2-lit. verb Dd with perfect suffix "said" Ddj - proper name "Djedj" subject of the verb Ddwt.f - plural noun "sayings" with 3MF suffix pronoun as posessive, object of the verb. m HkAw - prepositional phrase modifying the object "of magic" ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 21.1B Date: Tue, 26 Jun 2007 20:16:27 -0500 21.1B TRANSLITERATION: aHa.n rdj pA smn r gbA jmntj n wAxj DADA.f r gbA jAbtj n wAxj aHa.n - introductory word, "then" (used at the beginning of a sentence, or a clause) rdj - "was caused" - passive form (from anom. verb rdj "give, put, cause") pA - masc. singular demonstrative pronoun smn - noun "goose" r - preposition "to, toward" gbA - noun "side" jmntj - adjective "western" n - indirect genitive "of" (masc. form) wAxj - noun "columned hall", "audience hall" "Then the goose was put on the west side of the columned hall" DADA.f - "his head" (DADA - noun "head", .f - 3MS personal suffix pronoun "his") r - preposition "to, toward" gbA - noun "side" jAbtj - adjective "eastern" n - indirect genitive "of" (masc. form) wAxj - noun "columned hall", "audience hall" "His head at the eastern side of the columned hall TRANSLATION: "Then the goose was put toward the west side of the columned hall, his head toward eastern side of the columned hall" 21.1A read right to left aHa.n rdj pA smn r gbA jmntj n wAxj DADA.f r gbA jAbtj n wAxj Then the goose was put on the west side of the columned hall and it's head on the east side of the columned hall aHa.n introductory word then rdj verb anom. put pA demonstrative pronoun 5.8 that smn noun goose r preposition on gbA noun side jmntj nisbe western n preposition nisbe of wAxj noun columned hall DADA noun head .f personal pronoun it's r preposition on gbA noun side jAbtj noun eastern n preposition nisbe of wAxj noun columned hall 21.1B aHa.n rdj pA smn r gbA jmntj n wAxj DADA.f r gbA iAbtj r wAxj Then the goose was placed at the west side of the columned hall and its head at the east side of the columned hall. aHa.n = then, introduces a main clause rdj = was placed?, passive pA smn = the goose / that goose, subject of rdj r gbA jmntj = at the west side?, prepositional phrase n wAxj = of the columned hall?, indirect genitive DADA.f = its head?, subject of rdj r gbA jAbtj = at the east side, prepositional phrase n wAxj = of the columned hall, indirect genitive This sentence is in two parts. The first is aHa.n rdj pA smn r gbA jmntj n wAxj After aHa.n comes the verb and its subject, rdj pA smn. This looks like one of the sDm.f forms. The introductory word aHa.n is used with two forms of the sDm.f, The perfective and the passive. For two reasons the context indicates that this must be a passive: there is no phrase that can be the direct or indirect object of an active verb, and the goose, being dead, is not likely to be the actor of the verb. The passive gives: Then the goose was placed and the rest of the clause tells us where it was placed. That is r gbA jmntj n wAxj, at the west side of the columned hall. The second clause of this sentence, DADA.f r gbA jAbtj n wAxj, Parallels the first. As such it can be understood as the second half of a compound sentence (§26.27) with aHa.n rdj omitted. We can also omit the verb in the English translation: and its head at the east side of the columned hall. It would also be possible to understand the second clause as an unmarked adverb clause with non-verbal predicate: while its head was at the east side of the columned hall?. 21.1B aHa.n rdj pA smn r gbA jmntj n wAxj DADA.f r gbA jAbtj n wAxj aHa.n - (introductory word) then rdj - give, put, cause, here: passive pA - this smn - goose r - to gbA - side jmntj - (nisbe) western n - genitive (of) wAxj - columned hall DADA.f - his head jAbtj - (nisbe) eastern SO: Then, this goose was put on the western side of the columned hall, And its head was put to the eastern side of the columned hall. 21.1B aHa.n rdj pA smn r gbA jmntj n wAxj DADA.f r gbA jAbtj n wAxj Then the goose was put to the west side of the columned hall and his head to the east side of the columned hall. aHa.n - introductory word "then" rdj - anom. verb "give, put" passive pA - demonstrative or definite article smn - noun "goose", subject r - preposition "to, toward" gbA - noun "side" object of the preposition jmntjn - adj. "western" modifying gbA n - preposition "of" wAxj - noun "columned hall" object of the preposition DADA.f - noun "head" with 3FS suffix pronoun as posessive, second subject r - preposition "to" gbA - noun "side" object of the proposition jAbtj - adjective "eastern" n - preposition "of" wAxj - noun "columned hall" aHa.n rdj introduces two things that the action of the passive construction happens to: "Then were put..." in parallel construction. The first is the goose, who is put to the western side of the hall. The second is her head, which is put to the eastern side. So literally, "Then was put the goose (or this/that goose) to the western side of the columned hall, her head to the eastern side of the columned hall." ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 21.1A Date: Tue, 26 Jun 2007 20:13:59 -0500 HMWK 21.1A aAa.n jn.f smn, wDa DADA.f main clause aHa.n - introductory word = then jn.f - verb, (jnj) 3ae-inf., passive = he was fetched verb smn - noun = goose subject = Then a goose was fetched wDa - verb, 3-lit., passive = was severed verb DADA.f - noun plus 3MS suffix pronoun = its head subject =its head was severed. Allen says: "fetched for him" but I can't figure out where the "for him" comes in. I am also confused about the passive; why couldn't it be perfective? passive=it was fetched perfective = he fetched 21.A aHa.n jn n.f smn, wDa DADA.f words: aHa.n = then jn = from jnj = fetch; COMMENT: could be any of the six sDm.f forms apart from subjunctive, QUESTION?: so need to translate according to context ? here probably the true passive ? so = (was/has been/had been) fetched; but gramatically could also be `then he fetched' n.f =to/for him smn = goose QUESTION: wDa ? from 3-lit `sever, separate' ? again most likely passive ? so =(has/had been) severed DADA = head, DADA.f = his/its head (same sign as tp) literally: then was fetched for him a goose its head had been severed better: then they fetched him a goose whose head had been severed 21.1A transliteration: aHa.n jn n.f smn wDa tp.f translation: Then a goose whose head was severed was brought to him The verb in the main clause of this sentence is 'jn,' which in this case is the passive of the 3ae-inf. verb 'jnj', "fetch, get"; the form is that of the base stem and no ending is explicitly written in this case. As is typical of the passive in main clauses, it is preceded by an introductory particle or word; in this case, 'aHa.n'. The prepositional phrase 'n.f' means "to him". This is a dative, and it precedes the nominal subject since it involves a suffix pronoun. The subject is the phrase 'smn wDa tp.f'. The noun 'smn' means "goose". This noun is modified by the indirect, unmarked relative clause 'wDa tp.f'. 'wDa' here is the passive of the 3-lit. verb 'wDa' which means "sever, separate"; the form is that of the base stem and no ending is explicitly written. The subject can be read as either 'tp.f' or 'DADA.f'; either way it basically means "his head". The suffix pronoun 'f' is also the co-referent in this relative clause and so refers to the antecedent 'smn'. Since the passive is used to express completed action or past action, 'wDa tp.f' by itself means "his head was severed". As it is a relative clause, "his" is replaced here by the relative pronoun "whose". 21.1A aHa.n jn n.f smn wDa tp.f aHa.n = introductory word = then jnj = verb 3ae-inf = fetch, get, use jn = Passive = was fetched n.f = for him smn = noun = goose aHa.n jn n.f smn = Then a goose was fetched for him wDa = verb 3-lit = sever, separate wDa = Passive = had been/was severed tp.f = + suffix pronoun = his head (DADA is used by Allen and also = head) wDa tp.f = his head had been severed/ his head was severed aHa.n jn n.f smn wDa DADA.f 1) = Then a goose was fetched for him, his head had been severed 2) = Then a goose was fetched for him and his head was severed Question: how do we know whether 1) or 2) is correct, other than the context? ==============================================================================