Date: Thu, 05 Apr 2007 10:51:04 +0200 From: Michael Hahn To: Ancient Egyptian Language List Subject: AEL Ehret and (Palaeo-)Coptic Dear List Members, in Christopher Ehret's work "Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic" (Berkeley 1995) I've just read the following: p. 26: "Noun derivation from verb by stem-vowel lengthening: Egyptian: #595" Thus, Ehret apparently explains the long vowel of Coptic meer "bank", which he lists as a reflex of his Proto-Afroasiatic root #595 *-mur- "to flow", as due to grammatical vowel lengthening. Now my question is: Why does Ehret ignore the Coptic syllable rules by Edgerton et alii, according to whom the long vowel is due to the open syllable in the Palaeocoptic form *méé|rVw? Thank you, Michael hahn ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 19.27 Date: Fri, 6 Apr 2007 19:29:30 -0500 19.27 - Speech of the ba at the end of "The Dialogue of a Man with his Ba." jmnt "the West" (i.e., the land of the dead) sAH tA "touch land" (i.e., be buried) wrd "weariness" (i.e., death) Transliteration: mr wj aA wjn n.k jmnt mr Hm pH.k jmnt sAH Haw.k tA xny.j r sA wrd.k. Dissection: 1) mr = imperative of mrj (verb 3ae-inf.) "desire, want, like" 2) wj = dependent 1st person singular pronoun, object of mr, "me" 3) aA = "here," adverb. O29:D36-G1-N31 4) wjn = subjunctive of wjn (verb 3-lit.) "reject, put aside," G43-K1-N35-D36 5) n.k = "for yourself" 6) jmnt = "the West" (i.e., the land of the dead) 7) mr = see #1 8) Hm = "and, also, moreover," (16.7.8). NOTE: D36 is included in the spelling 9) pH.k = subjunctive of pH (verb 2-lit) "reach, catch, attack" 10) jmnt = see #6 11) sAH = subjunctive of sAH (verb 3-lit) "touch" 12) Haw.k = "your body," subject of sAH 13) tA = "land." 14) sAH Haw.k tA = "May your body touch land," i.e., be buried 15) xny.j = subjunctive of xnj (verb 3-lit) "land, alight" NOTE: j > y (see 20.1) 16) r sA = "after" 17) wrd.k = "your weariness," i.e., your death Translation: (NOTE: This clause has a number of unmarked adverb phrases.) Literal: Desire me here (i.e., while you're alive), put aside for yourself the West, (but) also desire(that) you reach the West, (that) your body touches land, (and that) I alight after your weariness. Paraphrase 1 (poetic): Desire me while you're alive, put aside thoughts of the West; but also desire that you reach it. May your body touch land, and may I alight after your weariness. Paraphrase 2 (pragmatic): Desire me while you're alive and put aside thoughts of the West; but also desire to reach the West, that your body is buried, and that I alight after your death. 19.27 read from right to left (mr wj aA wjn n..k jmnt) (mr) verb (mrj) 3 ae-inf., together with (wj) dependent pronoun [the object] = the imperative = desire me (aA) adverb = here =Desire me here, (wjn) verb, 3-lit. = reject, put aside (n.k) preposition plus 2MS suffix pronoun = for you (jmnt) noun = the West =put aside for you the West, (mr Hm pH.k jmnt, sAH Haw.k tA, xny.j r sA wrd.k) (mr) verb, 3ae-inf. = desire (Hm) particle = and also (pH.k) verb, 2-lit. plus 2MS suffix pronoun = you reach/catch/ attack (jmnt) noun = the West = and also cause desire (that) you reach the West, (sAH) causative verb, 3-lit. = to make touch, with the toe, set foot (Haw.k) noun plus 2MS suffix pronoun = your body (tA) noun = land this is a euphemism =and your body be buried, (xny.j) verb, 3ae-inf. subjunctive plus 1S = I shall alight (r) preposition = to, for (sA) noun = back with the preposistion above = after (wrd.k) weariness another euphemism = die = I shall alight after you die, (jx jr.n dmj n zp) (jx) particle = then (jr.n) verb, 3 ae-inf. subjunctive plus 1pl., = we will make (dmj) noun = harbor (n) preposition together with (zp) noun = time, occassion = together =then we will make a harbor together. 19.27 LINE 1: mr wj aA wjn n.k jmnt mr = (verb) desire, want, like wj = 1S dependent personal pronoun 'me' aA = (adverb) here wjn = (verb 3-lit) reject, put aside jmnt = the West, i.e. the land of the dead NOTE: both verbs appear to have an imperative form here SO: Desire me here, Put aside for yourself the West. LINE 2: mr Hm pH.k jmnt sAH Ha(w) tA xny.j r sA wrd=k Hm = particle 'and', 'also' pH = (verb 2 lit) reach, catch, attack sAH = touch (with the toe), kick, set foot sAH tA = 'touch land', an idiom for being buried Ha = body, usually plural Ha(w) xnj = (verb 3ae-inf) land, alight r sA = after wrd = weariness, euphemism for death NOTE: mr is imperative, the rest of the verbs subjunctive. The verbxnj has a double reed hieroglyph, mentioned in §19.2 SO: Wish also, [that] you would reach the west, that your body would be buried and that I would alight after your death. LINE 3: jx jr.n Dmj n zp jx = a particle, introducing a clause of future consequence Dmj = harbor n zp = together SO: And thus we would make it to the harbor together. ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 19.22 Date: Fri, 6 Apr 2007 19:31:47 -0500 19.22 jr mr.k nfr sSmw.k nHm tw ma Dwt nbt jr = if (S19.7) mrj = verb 3 ae-inf = want, like mr.k = subjunctive + suffix pronoun = you want nfr = adjective-verb 3-lit = perfect, good, beautiful sSmw.k = noun + suffix pronoun = your situation, conduct jr mr.k nfr sSmw.k = If you want to be good your conduct nHm = verb 3-lit = take away, save tw = dependent pronoun = you, yourself nHm tw = imperative = take yourself away (S16.3) ma = with, from Dwt = noun = evil nbt = every, all (agrees with Dwt) nHm tw ma Dwt nbt = take yourself away from all evil jr mr.k nfr sSmw.k nHm tw ma Dwt nbt = if you want your conduct to be good, take yourself away from all evil 19.22 jr mr.k nfr sSmw.k nHm tw m a Dwt nbt If you want your conduct to be good take yourself away from every evil. jr = "if", introduces a conditional clause mr.k = "you want", subjunctive of mrj (3ae-inf.) nfr = "be good" sSmw.k = "your conduct" nHm = "take away" tw = "you", 2ms dependent pronoun m a = "from", literally "in the hand", Dwt nbt = "(of) every evil" This is a conditional sentence. The protasis is 'jr mr.k nfr sSmw.k' and the apodosis 'nHm tw m a Dwt nbt'. The protasis contains the subjuctive 'mr.k', "you want". The object of 'mr.k ' is the unmarked noun clause 'nfr sSw.k'. This is another subjunctive, "your conduct will become good" - the subjunctive is commonly used in noun clauses as the object of verbs such as 'mrj' (§19.9). So the protasis is "if you want your conduct to be(come) good". The apodosis is an imperative, 'nHm', "take away". Its object is the dependent pronoun 'tw', "you, yourself" (as in the 1st example of §16.3). This is followed by the compound preposition 'm a' (p. 455), here meaning "from" (cf. §8.2.3 where, after verbs such as 'prj', 'm' can have the meaning "starting from 'in'"). Finally, the object of the compound preposition is the noun phrase 'Dwt nbt', "every evil". 19:22 jr mr.k nfr sSmw.k nHm tw m a Dwt nbt If you want your conduct to be good, take yourself away from all that is evil Conditon sentence - protasis is introduced by jr jr = if - proclitic particle mr.k = want - verb 3ae-inf (mrj) - subjunctive + .k = you - 2MS nfr = good - adjective verb 3-lit - subjunctive sSmw.k = conduct - noun + .k your - 2MS nHm = take away - verb 3-lit tw = you - 2MS m = take - imperative a = from - noun Dwt = evil - noun nbt = all ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 19.29 Date: Fri, 6 Apr 2007 19:28:46 -0500 19.29 pSS.n s(j) mwt.T nwt Hr.T dj.s wn.T mnTr nn xft(j)w.T m Xr(j)-nTr Your mother Nut has spread herself out over you, so that she might cause you to be a god with no enemies of yours in the necropolis. pSS.n = "has spread", perfect s(j) = "her", 3fs dependent pronoun mwt.T = "your mother" nwt = "Nut" Hr.T = "over you" dj.s = "she will cause (that)" wn.T = "you will exist", subjunctive of 'wnn' (2ae-gem.) m nTr = "as a god" nn xft(j)w.T = "without your enemies" m Xrj-nTr = "in the necropolis" The main clause of this sentence is 'pSS.n s(j) mwt.T nwt Hr.T'. This starts with a verb in the perfect, 'pSS.n'. Its subject is 'mwt.T nwt', "your mother Nut". The object is the dependent pronoun 'sj', "her, herself", which precedes the nominal subject, in accordance with the normal rules of word order. The clause ends with the prepositional phrase 'Hr.T', "upon you". Next is an unmarked adverb clause: 'dj.s wn.T m nTr', with a subjunctive verb 'dj.s'. The adverb clause expresses purpose or result (§19.8), and is introduced in English by the words "so that". This verb is followed by another subjunctive 'wn.T'. Together the two verbs have causative meaning (§19.10). As well as its simple use, the subjunctive of the verb 'wnn' isused to give subjuctive meaning to an adverbial predicate (§19.13). Here,'wn.T' is followed by 'm nTr', a phrase which would be the adverbial predicate in the sentence 'jw.T m nTr', "you are (as) a god". So 'wn.T m nTr', means "you will be a god", and 'dj.s wn.T m nTr' means "she will cause you to be a god". Finally there is a second unmarked adverb clause 'nn xftjw.T m Xrj-nTr' which further describes the preceding clause. This clause is a non-verbal negation of existence (§11.4) meaning "there are no enemies of yours in the necropolis" or "you have no enemies in the necropolis". 19.29 read from right to left [pSS.n s(j) mwt.T nwt Hr.T, dj.s wn.T m nTr, nn xft.T m Xr(j) - nTr] (pSS.n) verb, 2 ae-gem. plus 1pl = spread out/over (sj) dependent pronoun = us (mwt.T) noun plus 2FS suffix pronoun = your mother (nwt) proper noun = Nut (Hr.T) preposition plus 2FS suffix pronoun = = Your mother, Nut, has spread herself over you, (dj.s) verb, anom., (rdj) plus 3FS suffix pronoun = she will make (wn.T) verb, 2 ae-gem., plus 2FS suffix pronoun = you will be (m) preposition (nTr) noun = god =that she will make you a god, the last is an adverb clause: (nn) negation (Hftj.T) nisbe plus 2FS suffix pronoun = your enemy (m) preposition (Hr-nTr) noun = necropolis =with no enemies of yours in the necropolis. 19.29 ALLEN: from the coffin of a woman COMMENTS: The "Gardiner" ID of last sign is given as R50 in Allen. I have seen it referred to as R10I. TKSesh does not recognize either value. The grammar admits of two different constructions at the start of the sentence. A bit more context would help decide the issue. As it is, the sense seems to support the first of these two options rather than the second: pSS.n s(j) mwt.T nwt Hr r(m)T dj.s wn.T m nTr nn hftw.T m Xrt-nTr or pSS.n.s mwt. "Your mother, Nut, has spread herself out over the people (she will/with the result that she will/in order to) cause that you live as a god, (with the result that/in order that) there will be no enemies of yours in the necropolis. or "She has spread your mother, Nut, over ." DETAIL: ORIENTATION: horizontal, right to left, normal Q3:N37:N37-Z9*D54:N35-S29-G14-V13-W24*X1:N1-B1-D2*Z1-D21:V13-X8-S29- E34:N35-V13-G17-R8-A40-D35:N35-Aa1*X1:I9-Z2:V13-G17-R50 Q3:N37:N37-Z9*D54 p-S-S- Det BREAK, CROSS, NUMBER, I don't know why this sign is here- Det MOTION N35 n S29 s G14-V13 mwt-complement W24*X1:N1-B1 nw-t- Det SKY, ABOVE- Det. FEMALE D2*Z1 Hr- Used as ideogram of signs meant to be read as ideograms rather than phonograms D21:V13 r-T X8-S29 dj-s E34:N35-V13 wn-complement-T G17 m R8-A40 nTr - Det. GOD, KING D35:N35 nn-complement Aa1*X1:I9 x-t-f- Det in PLURAL-T (pronounced xft.T) G17 m R50 Xrt-nTr pSS.n s(j) mwt.T nwt Hr r(m)T dj.s wn.T m nTr nn hft(j)w.T m Xrt-nTr or pSS.n.s mwt. VOCABULARY: pSS - verb, 2gem - "spread out" mwt - noun, f - "mother" nwt - noun, f - "Nun", proper name Hr - preposition r(m)T - noun - "people" rdj - verb,anom - "cause, give, put" wnn - verb, 2gem - "be, exist" m - preposition nTr - noun - "god" nn - negative particle xft(j) - nisbe "opponent, enemy" Xrt-nTr - noun - "necropolis" GRAMMAR: pSS.n is a perfect form, QUESTION: but what's the subject? s - if this is the subject, mwt nwt is the object. If so, we have no idea who `she' is. s(j) - if it serves as a reflexive pronoun and mwt nwt is the subject. More likely than s. mwt nwt - are in apposition to each other. Hr rmT - prepositional phrase, over/upon the people. dj.s - clearly s is the subject here. POSSIBILITIES: It could be a subjunctive of result or purpose or just a straight future. Don't know. Anyway, it's causal. wn - subjunctive, T is the suffix 2nd fem. as subject. m nTr - prepositional phrase showing the m of acquired status. nn - negates the adverbial sentence (10.4.2) xftj - a nisbe. T is the suffix 2nd fem. as owner. m Xrt-nTr - prepositional phrase of location. TRANSLATION: "Your mother, Nut, has spread herself out over the people (she will/with the result that she will/in order to) cause that you live as a god, (with the result that/in order that) there will be no enemies of yours in the necropolis. or "She has spread your mother, Nut, over ." ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 19.30 Date: Fri, 6 Apr 2007 19:27:40 -0500 19.30 Transliteration: dj.j mr.k zXAw r mwt.k, dj.j aq nfrw.f m Hr.k, wr sw grt r jAwt nbt dj.j - "I will give" (dj - subjunctive form of anom. verb rdj "give, put, allow, make, cause", .j - 1S suffix personal pronoun) mr.k - "you will love" (mr - subjunctive form of 3ae-inf. verb mr "love, like", .k - 2MS suffix personal pronoun) zXAw - noun "writing" (collective) r - preposition, here means "with respect to", indicates comparative, translated "more than" mwt.k - noun phrase "your mother" (mwt - "mother", .k - 2MS suffix personal pronoun) dj.j - "I will give" (dj - subjunctive form of anom. verb rdj "give, put, allow, make, cause", .j - 1S suffix personal pronoun) aq - "will enter" (aq - subjunctive form of 2-lit. verb aq "enter") nfrw - abstract collective noun "perfection" (singular form, written with plural strokes because it ends in w) nfrw.f - "its perfection" (.f - 3FS suffix personal pronoun) m - preposition "in, into" Hr.k - "your face" (Hr - noun "face", .k - 2MS suffix personal pronoun) wr - adjective "great" (serves as predicate) sw - 2MS dependent pronoun "it" grt - enclitic particle "now, moreover, but" - marks a new topic or a new line of thought r - preposition, here means "with respect to", indicates comparative, translated "more than" jAwt - noun "office" nbt - adjective "all" r jAwr nbt - comparative phrase "with respect to any office" or "more = than any office" Translation: "I will cause that you love writing more than your mother, I will cause its perfection to enter your face. But, that is greater than any office" 19.30 dj.j mr.k zXA r mwt.k dj.j aq nfrw.f m Hr.k wr sw grt r jAwt nbt I will make you love writing more than your mother; I will make its beauty enter into your face. Moreover, it is greater than any office. dj.j = "I will make", subjunctive of 'rdj' (anom.) mr.k = "you will love", subjunctive of 'mr.k' (3ae-inf.) zXA = "writing", object of 'mr.k' r mwt.k = "(more) than your mother", literally "with respect to your mother" dj.j = "I will make", subjunctive of 'rdj' (anom.) aq = "enter", subjunctive of 'aq' (2-lit.) nfrw.f = "its beauty", subject of 'aq' m Hr.k = "into your face" wr = "great", adjectival predicate sw = "it", 2ms dependent pronoun, the subject grt = "moreover", enclitic particle r jAwt nbt = "than any office", comparative (§7.4.2) This exercise contains two parallel examples of the subjunctive following 'rdj' (§19.10). Both start with the subjunctive form 'dj.j'. This has future meaning: "I will make". The object of the first occurrence of 'dj.j' is 'mr.k zXA r mwt.k'. Here 'r mwt.k', literally "with respect to your mother", has comparative meaning, in a similar manner to the use of a phrase introduce by 'r' following an adjective (§6.8) or adverb (§8.17). The object of the second 'dj.j' is 'aq nfrw.f m Hr.k', "its beauty will enter into your face". The final part of the exercise is an adjectival sentence 'wr sw grt r jAwtnbt'. The adjective, 'wr', comes first and for pronomial subjects uses a dependent pronoun 'sw' (§7.3). This is followed by the enclitic particle 'grt' (§16.7.10), which introduces a new line of thought. The adjectival sentence is given comparative meaning by the addition of 'r jAwt nbt', "with respect to any office" (§7.4.2). 19.30 ALLEN: From the instruction of Khety. dj.j mr.k zXAw r mwt.k dj.j aq nfrw.f m Hr.k wr sw grt r jAwt nbt "I will/may I make you love writing more than your mother, I will/may I make its beauty enter into your face, moreover, it is greater than any profession." DETAIL: D37-A1-U7:D21-A2-V31A-Y4-Y1:Z2-D21-G14&X1-B1-V31A-D37-A1-G35-N29:D54- F35*Z1-Y1:Z2-I9-G17-D2*Z1-D21:V31A-G36:D21-M23-Z7-W12:D21-X1-D21-M17- G1-Z7:X1-O44-Y1:Z2-V30:X1 D37-A1 dj-j U7:D21-A2-V31A mr-complement-Det LOVE-k Y4-Y1:Z2 zxA- Det WRITING- Det in PLURAL D21 r G14&X1-B1-V31A mwt-complement- Det. FEMALE-k D37-A1 dj-j G35-N29:D54 aq-complement- Det MOTION F35*Z1-Y1:Z2-I9 nfr- Used as ideogr of signs meant to be read as ideograms rather than phonograms-det ABSTRACT, CONCEPTS- used with words plural in meaning and with false plurals ending in w-f G17 m D2*Z1-D21:V31A Hr- Used as ideogr of signs meant to be read as ideograms rather than phonograms-complement-k G36:D21 wr-complement M23-Z7 sw-complement W12:D21-X1 g-r-t D21 r M17-G1-Z7:X1-O44-Y1:Z2 j-A-w- Det in jAt "office"-det ABSTRACT, CONCEPTS- used with words plural in meaning and with false plurals ending in w or wt V30:X1 nb-t dj.j mr.k zXAw r mwt.k dj.j aq nfrw.f m Hr.k wr sw grt r jAwt nbt VOCABULARY: rdj - verb,anom, - "give, put, cause" mrj - verb,3ai - "love, like" zXAw - noun - "writing" r - preposition mwt - noun - "mother" aq - verb,2lit - "enter" nfrw - noun - "beauty" grt - particle - "moreover" wrr - adj verb,2gem - "great, elder, important" sw - dependent pronoun, 3rd masc sing jAwt - noun - "office, profession" nb - adj - "any, all" GRAMMAR: dj.j mr.k - rdj + subjunctive = causal, j and k are suffix pronouns indicating the subject and owner respectively zXAw - object of mrj r mwt.k - r of comparison, k is a suffix pronoun of possession dj.j aq nfrw.f - another rdj + subjunctive = causal. The structure after rdj is VS. f is another suffix pronoun indicating possessor. m Hr.k - prepositional phrase of position. The spelling of Hr, with the complementary r following the stroke is unusual, Faulkner calls it a rare variant with a suffix pronoun, which is the case here. wr sw - is a nfr sw construction: the adjective followed by a dependent pronoun acting as the subject (7.3) grt - enclitic particle r jAwt - another r of comparison nbt - adjective agreeing with jAwt. TRANSLATION: "I will/may I make you love writing more than your mother, I will/may I make its beauty enter into your face, moreover, it is greater than any profession." ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLPHSTUDY COLLATION 19.23 Date: Fri, 6 Apr 2007 19:31:07 -0500 19.23 Transliteration: jm.k wHm mskj n mdt jm.k - "you should not" (jmj - negative defective verb, can be used as imperative or in subjunctive (see 19.11.2) - here it expresses negative wish or command, .k - 2MS suffix personal pronoun) wHm - 3-lit. verb "repeat", base form - subjunctive mskj - noun "gossip" n - preposition, here used in indirect genitive (translated - "of") mdt - noun "word" mskj n mdt - "gossip of word" (or just "gossip") Translation: "You should not repeat gossip" (from the Instruction of Ptahhotep) 19.23 reads right to left jm.k wHm mskj n mdt "You shouldn't repeat gossip." This is a negative subjunctive construction, described in section 19.11.2, the 'jm.f sDm'. 'jm' here is the defective verb 'jmj', used as a negative command or wish, similar to 'm' with the imperative. Allen analyses this as 'jm' itself being the subjunctive of jmj, with the suffix pronoun as the subject. The following subjunctive is a noun clause acting as the object of jm. 'wHm' is the subjunctive of the 3-lit. verb, "repeat", with an implied 2MS subject. 'mskj n mdt' is a noun phrase "gossip of words" or just "gossip". This is the object of 'wHm' jm.k - "You should not", "Let you not" wHm - "repeat" mskj n mdt - "gossip" "You should not repeat gossip." 19.23 jm.k wHm mskj n mdt "You should not repeat gossip" ORIENTATION: horizontal, right to left, normal ALLEN: From the Instruction of Ptahhotep. Z11-G17-D35:V31A-F25-G17-A2-F31-S29-V31A-M17-A2-N35-S43-D46:X1-A2 Z11-G17-D35:V31A jm-complement-k- Det NEGATION-k F25-G17-A2 wHm-complement- Det. SPEAK, THINK, EAT, DRINK F31-S29-V31A-M17-A2 ms-complement-k-j- Det. SPEAK, THINK, EAT, DRINK N35 n S43-D46:X1-A2 md-complement-t- Det. SPEAK, THINK, EAT, DRINK jm.k wHm mskj n mdt VOCABULARY: jmj - negative verb, defective k - suffix pronoun, 2nd masc sing wHm - verb,3lit - "repeat" mskj n mdt - "gossip" GRAMMAR: jm.k wHm - jm.f sDm construction (19.11.2). jm is the subjunctive, k indicates the subject. wHm is negatival complement. mskj n mdt - object of wHm TRANSLATION: "You should not repeat gossip" ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 19.25 Date: Fri, 6 Apr 2007 19:30:21 -0500 19.25 wp.k wAwt n nTrw wn.k n.sn m wp-wAwt You will open the ways of the gods, you will be for them like Wep-wawet. This sentence consists of two clauses, each with a subjunctive predicate. wp.k - subjunctive of the 3ae-inf. verb wpj "part, split, open" with 2MS suffix pronoun as subject wAwt - plural of the noun wAt "road, path, way" object of the verb wp. n nTrw - In the answer key, Allen translates this as a dative "for the gods". How can one distinguish this from an indirect genitive "of the gods"? Doesn't the dative usually come before the object? Is it just an adverbial prepositional phrase is free translation? I am confused. wn.k - subjuncive of the 2ae-gem. verb wnn "be, exist" with 2MS suffix pronoun as subject n.sn - dative with 3PL suffix pronoun "for them" m wp-wAwt - prepositional phrase "like Wep-wawet" acting (as an unmarked noun phrase?) as the object of wn Note the nice parallel structure of the phrase, starting and ending with wp wAwt. 19.25 wp.k wAwt n nTrw wn.k n.sn m wp-wAwt You shall part the ways for the gods and be Wepwawet for them. wp.k = part - 3 ae-inf (wpj) + .k you - 2MS wAwt = ways - plural noun n = for - preposition nTrw = gods - plural noun wn.k = be - verb 2ae-gem (wnn -to exist) + .k = you 2MS (and you shall be - 19.13 - future 19.5.2) n.sn = n - for -preposition + .sn = them 3PL m = of - preposition wp-wAwt = Wepwawet (Jackal god of Abydos) 19.25 wp.k wA(w)t n nTr(w) wn.k n.sn m wp-wAwt wpj = (3ae-inf verb) to part, to open wAt = (noun) road, path, way; here, plural n = for (dative) nTr = god; here, plural wnn = (2gem verb) to exist n.sn = for them(dative) m = 'in the capacity of' wp-wAwt = 'he, who parts the ways' Wepwawet You shall open the ways for the gods. You shall be a Wepwawet for them. ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 19.21 Date: Sun, 8 Apr 2007 23:22:50 -0500 HMWK 19.21 read from right to left (HA n.j jb m rx wxdw kA jrj.j sxny Hr.f) This is a conditional sentence. The main clause - the protasis is first. (HA) particle = If only (n.j) preposition plus 1S suffix pronoun = I (jb) noun = heart (m) preposition = as (rx wxdw) from Allen = one that knew how to bear up + If only I had a heart that knew how to bear up, The second clause (apodosis) shows future consequence. (kA) particle = then (jrj.j) verb, 3ae-inf. plus 2S suffix pronoun = I will/would make do (sxny) verb, causative = cause to land (Hr.f) preposition plus 3MS suffix pronoun = upon it = then I would make a landing on it. Question: This is obviously idiomatic, but I'm not sure I really understand what = it is saying. 19.21 HA n.j jb m rx wxdw kA jrj=j sxnj Hr.f HA = would only, I wish, would that (16.6.12, 19.6) rx wxdw = one who knew how to bear up (Allen) kA = 'then' (16.6.15, 19.6.3) This particle marks a clause with a verbal or nonverbal predicate as the future result of the action of some preceding clause. jrj sxnj = make landing (Allen) Hr = upon I would that I had a heart that knew how to bear up so that [as a result] I would make landing upon it. 19.21 from the Lamentations of Khakheperre-seneb. rx wxdw = "one that knew how to bear up" jrj sxnj = "make a landing" = "come to rest" ORIENTATION: right to left, horizontal, normal TRANSLITERATION: M16-G1-N35:A1-F34*Z1-G17-D21:Aa1-Y1:Z7-Aa1:D46-Z7-Aa2:Y1-V31-G1-A2-D4- M17-A1-S29-Aa1:N35-Z4-G41-D2*Z1:D21-I9 HA n(j).j jb m rx wxdw kA jrj.j sxnj Hr.f GRAMMAR: HA .. kA = protasis and apodosis of a conditional sentence n(j).j jb = n.j AB construction (7.5.2), B belongs to A m = m of acquired position jrj.j sxnj = VsO, verb subject object Hr.f = prepositional phrase VOCABULARY: HA = particle, "if only" n = preposition j = suffix pronoun, 1 sing. m = preposition rx wxdw = "one that knew how to bear up" kA = particle, "then" jrj sxnj = "make a landing" Hr = preposition f = suffix pronoun, 1 sing. TRANSLATION: If only my heart were one that knew how to bear up, I would make a landing (come to rest) with it. DETAILS: M16-G1 HA-complement N35:A1 n-j F34-Z1 jb- Used as ideogram of signs meant to be read as ideograms rather than phonograms G17 m D21:Aa1-Y1 r-x-det CONCEPTS Z7-Aa1:D46-Z7-Aa2:Y1 w-x-d-w- Det SWELLING-det CONCEPTS interesting use of Aa2 to denote a heart (mind) that swells up, becomes larger (bears up?) under pressure V31-G1-A2 k-A-det THINK D4-M17-M17-A1 jr-y-j S29-Aa1:N35-Z4-G41 s-x-n-j-det land, alight D2*Z1:D21-I9 Hr- Used as ideogram of signs meant to be read as ideograms rather than phonograms, for example: Hr "face," but also the preposition Hr "upon"-r-f HA n(j).j jb m rx wxdw kA jrj.j sxnj Hr.f ********************************************************** 19.21 HA n.j jb m rx wxdw kA jry.j sxnj Hr.f HA = particle (marks clause as a wish) = would that, if only n.j = I had (S10.7) jb = noun = heart m = preposition = as rx wxdw = one that knew how to bear up (given by Allen) HA n.j jb m rx wxdw = If only I had a heart as one that knew how to bear up kA = particle = then (S19.3.3 - used mostly with subjunctive expressing simple future consequence) jrj sxnj = make landing (given by Allen) jry.j sxnj = subjunctive + suffix pronoun = I would make landing Hr.f = preposition + suffix pronoun = on it kA jry.j sxnj Hr.f = then I would make landing on it HA n.j jb m rx wxdw kA jry.j sxnj Hr.f = Would that I had a heart as one that knew how to bear up, then I would make landing on it (whatever that means) ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 19.24 Date: Sun, 8 Apr 2007 23:25:11 -0500 19.24 HD Hr.k tr n wnn.k HD Hr = cheerful (lit. bright of face) tr = time, season wnn = (verb 2ae-gem) to exist NOTE: HD is a verb and is subjunctive here with the object Hr.k wnn is infinitive SO: Be cheerful for (during) the time of your existence. (This can be viewed either as a wish or an exhortation) 19.24 ALLEN: From the Instruction of Ptahhotep HD Hr.k tr n wnn.k "Be cheerful while you live." T3-I10&N5-D2*Z1:V31A-X1:D21-M6-N5:N35-E34:N35-N35:V31A T3-I10&N5 HD-complement- Det SUN, DAY, TIME D2*Z1:V31A Hr- Used as ideogr of signs meant to be read as ideograms rather than phonograms-k X1:D21-M6-N5 t-r- Det TIME in tr "time season", also ideogr for same- Det SUN, DAY, TIME N35 n E34:N35-N35:V31A wn-complement-n-k HD Hr.k tr n wnn.k ORIENTATION: horizontal, right to left, normal VOCABULARY: HD Hr - expression - "cheerful", HD is an adjective-verb, 2lit) k - suffix pronoun, 2nd masc sing tr - noun - "time" n - genitival adjective wnn - verb,2gem - "exist, be" GRAMMAR: HD Hr is a nfr Hr construction. HD is also a subjunctive verb used in the exhortatory sense. (19.5.1) . Another way of looking at this is as a simple VS construction: "may your face be bright". tr - is a noun of time used adverbially (8.14) tr n wnn - indirect genitive construction wnn - infinitive, object of n k - subject (owner) of wnn TRANSLATION: "Be cheerful while you live." 19.24 HD Hr.k tr n wnn.k HD = adjective-verb 2-lit = bright, white Hr = noun = face HD Hr = "bright of face" or "cheerful" (see dictionary) HD Hr.k = cheerful + suffix pronoun "you" This could be the imperative, but would translate as "be cheerful!" - see last para S19.5.1, the subjunctive is more appropriate HD Hr.k = you should be cheerful tr = noun = time, season n = of wnn = verb 2ae-gem = exist, be wnn.k = exist + suffix pronoun "you" tr n wnn.k = the time of your existing HD Hr.k tr n wnn.k = You should be cheerful for the time that you live ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 19.26 Date: Sun, 8 Apr 2007 23:29:57 -0500 19.26 jw.f rx.(w) rdjt Sm mAj Hr sA.f jw.f = proclitic particle + suffix pronoun = he, it rx = verb 2-lit = learn, know rdj = anom. Verb = give, cause, make rdjt = base stem + t = infinitive There are two verbs together here: S14.12 - 'the infinitive can be used as the object of a transitive verb' such as 'rx = know (how)' jw.f rx.(w) rdjt = He knows how to give/cause/make Smj = verb 3ae-inf = go, walk Sm = base stem = subjunctive (cannot be the infinitive as that is base + t) mAj = noun = lion Hr sA = behind Hr sA.f = behind it/him S19.10 - '.rdj plus the subjunctive has the same basic meaning as the causative' (rdjt) Sm mAj Hr sA.f = to cause the lion to walk behind him jw.f rx.(w) rdjt Sm mAj Hr sA.f = He knows how to make the lion walk behind him 19.26 jw.f rx.w rdjt Sm mAj Hr sA.f rx: verb (2 lit), 'to know' rx.w: stative form, 3s, of the verb. Introduced by the particle 'jw' Allen 17.4. rx is a transitive verb, so the stative should have a passive meaning, but 'rx' is an exception; it has an active meaning: 'he knows', 'he is in a state of knowing' Now, the verb 'know' usually takes a direct object: She knows Mike. It can also take a noun clause as an equivalent: He knows [how to make the caged bird sing]. In our sentence: He knows [(how) to make the lion walk.] or... He knows (how) to make that a lion should-walk (subjunctive) And that's what the Egyptian says: rdj: verb, 'to give', to put', 'to cause' rdjt: infinitive of the verb 'rdj' (See Allen 14.3) Smj: verb (3 weak), 'to walk' Sm: subjunctive form of the above mAj: noun, 'lion' rx.w rdjt Sm mAj: "He knows (how) to make that a lion should walk" Hr: preposition indicating placement or position sA: noun, 'back' Hr sA: behind Hr sA.f: behind him. "He knows how to make a lion walk behind him." (See Allen 19.10: 'rdj'+subjunctive is a very common construction to indicate causation.) ******************************************************************* __ 19.26 jw.f rx.(w) rdjt Smj mAj Hr sA.f Smj = go, walk mAj = lion Hr sA = behind NOTE: jw.f rx.(w) is stative (§17.8) rdjt is infinitive here He knows how to make a lion walk at his back 19.26 ORIENTATION: right to left, horizontal, normal TRANSLITERATION: M17-Z7:I9-D21:Aa1:Y1-D21:D36:X1-N40-G17&D54-U1-G1-M17-F27-Z1-D2*Z1- Aa17-Z1:I9 jw.f rx(.w) rdjt Sm mAj Hr sA.f VOCABULARY: jw = introductory particle f = suffix pronoun, 3 sing. masc. rx = verb, 2 lit, "know" rdj = verb, anom, "give, put, cause" Smj = verb, 3ai, "go, walk" Hr = preposition sA = noun, "back" GRAMMAR: jw.f = introductory particle with subject, jw is really an old verb. rx(.w) = subject stative, exhibiting current state of knowledge emphasing the learning aspect of it. rdjt = infinitive object of rx, a verb of knowing Sm mAj = VS (verb subject) Sm is subjunctive following rdj (19.10) which is causative Hr sA.f = prepositional phrase, where the walking is taking place. TRANSLATION: "He has learned how to make a lion walk at his back (behind him)." QUESTION: What is the function of sign Z1 after the word mAj "lion"? DETAILS: M17-Z7:I9 j-w-f D21:Aa1:Y1 r-x-det CONCEPTS D21:D36:X1 r-var for D37 dj-t N40-G17&D54 Sm-complement- Det MOTION U1-G1-M17-F27-Z1 mA-complement-j-det MAMMAL-stroke question: what is Z1 doing here? D2*Z1 Hr- Used as ideogram of signs meant to be read as ideograms rather than phonograms, for example: Hr "face" but also the preposition Hr "upon" Aa17-Z1:I9 sA- Used as ideogram of signs meant to be read as ideograms rather than phonograms-f ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 19.28 Date: Sun, 8 Apr 2007 23:33:56 -0500 19.28 jr gr.k Xpr n.k pHw jr = if (S19.7) gr = adjective-verb 2-lit = still, silent gr.k = verb + suffix pronoun jr gr.k = If you are still (protasis = conditional clause) Xpr = verb 3-lit = evolve, happen, grow up n.k = preposition + suffix pronoun = for you pHw = noun = results Xpr n.k pHw = results will happen for you (apodosis = main clause) jr gr.k Xpr n.k pHw = if you are still then results will happen for you 19.28 jr gr.k xpr n.k pHw If you are silent, results will happen to you. This is a conditional sentence, introduced by 'jr'. The protasis is the verb phrase 'gr.k', subjunctive of the 2-lit. adjective verb gr "be still, silent", with the 2MS suffix pronoun as subject. So the first clause is "If you are still" or "If you will be silent". The apodosis, or contingent clause, consists of three words: xpr - subjunctive of the 3-lit. verb xpr, grow, evolve, happen n.k - dative "to you" pHw - plural of the noun pH "result, end" subject of the verb This follows the normal VdS word order pattern for subjunctive clauses. "Results will happen to you." 19.28 ALLEN: From the Instruction of a man for his son pHw = "results" ORIENTATION: right to left, horizontal, normal TRANSLITERATION: M17-D21-W12:D21-A2-V31-L1-D21:N35:V31A-F22-Z7:Z2 jr gr.k xpr n.k pHw VOCABULARY: jr = particle, conditional gr = verb, 2 lit, "be silent" k = suffix pronoun, 3 sing. masc. xpr = verb, 3 lit, "happen" n = preposition pHw = noun, "results" GRAMMAR: jr = introduces conditional gr.k = Vs paradigm (verb subject) xpr = prodosis begins xpr n.k pHw = VdS paradigm TRANSLATION: "If you are silent, results will happen for you." presumedly good results DETAILS: M17-D21 j-r W12:D21-A2-V31 g-r-det SPEAK-k L1-D21 xpr-complement N35:V31A n.k F22-Z7:Z2 ph-w- Det in PLURAL ==============================================================================