From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 19.9 Date: Wed, 28 Feb 2007 00:02:08 -0600 19.9 Transliteration: smAa xrw.k r gs nTr, jx Dd r(m)T xft xmt .k smAa - caus. 3-lit. verb "make true", base stem xrw.k - noun phrase "your voice" (xrw - "voice", k - 2MS suffix pronoun"your") r gs - preposition "beside" nTr - noun "god", singular jx - particle "so, thus, then" (when used before subjunctive - introduces a clause of future consequence, used to express the future) Dd - 2-lit. verb "say, speak" (form: subjunctive) r(m)T - collective noun "people" xft - preposition "according to" xmt.k - phrase "your thinking" (infinitive from xmt - 3-lit. verb "think", k - 2MS suffix pronoun "your") Translation: "Make true your voice beside the god, then people will speak according to your thinking" (from the Instruction for Merikare) 19.9 smAa xrw.k r gs nTr, jx Dd r(m)T xft xmt.k "Make correct your voice with respect to the side of the god, then people will say according to your thinking." smAa - caus. 3-lit verb "make correct" imperative xrw.k - noun phrase "your voice" object of the imperative r gs nTr - with respect to the side of the god, adverbial prep. phrase This clause means "(You) make correct your voice to the side of the god." jx - proclitic particle marking sequential action "then" (section 16.6.3) Dd - 2-lit. verb "say", subjunctive r(m)t - noun "people", subject of the subjunctive xft - preposition "opposite, according" xmt.k - noun phrase "your thinking" built from the infinitive of the 3-lit. verb xmt "think" with weird spelling. This second clause, which describes action subsequent to the first means, "Then people will say according to your thinking." Putting the two together we get, "Make correct your voice to the side of the god, (that) then people shall speak according to your thinking." It's not clear from Allen's dictionary whether the "opposite" or "according to" meaning of the preposition 'xft' is appropriate, but Faulkner gives "according, along" as the primary meaning. Section 8.2.11 clarifies that the "across, against" meaning is the normal spatial meaning: two things facing each other, and that this is used figuratively as well for speaking "in front of, before" someone, but that when referring to a thing it usually means "in accordance ith". 19.9 Transliteration: smAa xrw.k r gs nTr jx Dd r(m)T xft xmt.k Translation: Make right your voice beside the god: then people will speak according to your thinking. smAa = make correct - verb cause 3-lit xrw = voice - noun noun + .k = your - 2 MS suffix pronoun r gs = beside - preposition (gs = side - noun) nTr = god - noun jx = then - introductory particle * Dd = speak - verb 2-lit r(m)T = people - noun xft = according - preposition (8.2.11) xmt = think - verb 3-lit .k = your - 2MS suffix pronoun - infinitive *(so, thus or then) used before a clause of future consequence (19.6.1) 19.9 smAa xrw.k r gs nTr jx Dd r(m)T xft xmt.k smAa = (verb caus 3-lit) make correct. Here, imperative (?) xrw = (noun) voice, sound, noise gs = side, half jx = particle, introducing a clause of future consequence (§19.6.1) Dd = (verb 2-lit) speak, say. Here, subjunctive r(m)T = people xft = (prep) opposite, according xmt = (verb 3-lit) think. Here, infinitive SO: Make your voice correct at the side of the god, so that the peoplewill speak according to your thinking. NOTE: I must admit, I am a bit confused as to the actual meaning of this exhortation. QUESTION: Does it mean that if you speak in accordance with god's laws, then the people will follow you? ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 19.1 Date: Tue, 27 Feb 2007 23:48:59 -0600 19.1 Line 1: xnms.k Smsww Hrw May you associate with the followers of Horus. xnms.k = "may you associate with", subjunctive of xnms (4-lit.) Smsww Hrw = "the followers of Horus", noun phrase, object of the verb. Allen tells us that this is a series of wishes for the afterlife. Hence the subjunctive verbs in this question are translated as wishe this is one of the two basic meanings of the subjunctive (§19.5.1). Here the subject is the 2ms suffix pronoun '.k'. Line 2: pr.k hA.k nn HnH(n).k nn Sna.k Hr sbA n dwAt May you go up and go down without your being hindered or your being barred at the gate of the Duat. pr.k = "may you go up", subjunctive of prj (3ae-inf.) hA.k = "(may you) go down", subjunctive of hAj (3ae-inf.) nn HnHn.k = "without your being hindered" (nn + infinitive, §14.15 ) nn Sna.k = "your being barred/refused" (another nn + infinitive) Hr sbA n dwAt = "at the door of the Duat" This line has a pair of subjunctive verbs with a pronoun as subject. They are followed by two adverb clauses each of the form 'nn' plus an infinitive. Line 3: wn.tw n.k aAwj Axt zn n.k qrwt Dsw.sn May the door of the Akhet be opened to you; may the doorbolts pull back for you themselves. wn.tw = "be opened" passive subjunctive of wn (2-lit.) n.k = "to you " aAwj Axt = "the doors of the Akhet", subject of the wn.tw (VdS) zn = "pull back", subjunctive of zn (2-lit.) n.k = "for you", dative qrwt = "doorbolts", subject of zn (VdS) Dsw.sn = "themselves" (§8.14) This line contains two main clauses each beginning with a subjunctive verb. In the first the verb is made passive by the suffix pronoun 'tw'. - - In both clauses, in accordance with the usual rules of word order, - a dative with a suffix pronoun precedes the noun that is the subject of the verb Line 4: Xnm.k wsxt nt mAatj wSd tw nTr jm(j).s - May you join the broad hall of the Two Maats; - may the god in it question you. Xnm.k = "may you join", subjunctive of Xnm (3-lit.) wsxt nt mAatj = "the broad hall of the Two Maats", noun phrase, the object of the verb wSd = "may question", subjunctive (3-lit.) tw = "you", 2ms dependent pronoun, the object of wSd nTr = "the god", subject of the verb (VoS) jmj.s = "who is in it", prepositional nisbe (§8.7) This line also has two main clauses. - In the second clause context suggests 'tw' - is more likely to be a dependent pronoun as object of the verb. - The subject 'nTr' is modified by the prepositional nisbe 'jmj'. - - This type of adjective can govern a following noun or pronoun, - as here. (See §8.7 where Allen uses the phrase 'nTrw jmjw pt', - "the gods are in the sky", as an example of this sort or construction.) Line 5: jr.k Hms m Xnw jmHt wstn.k m nwt nt Hapj - May you make a seat inside the Cavern; - may you stride in the town of the Inundation. jr.k = "may you make" subjunctive of jrj (3ae-inf.) Hms = "a seat", object of the verb m Xnw jmHt = "inside the Cavern" - (literally: in the interior of the Cavern), prepositional phrase wstn.k = "may you stride", subjunctive of wstn (4-lit.) m nwt nt Hapj = "in the town of the Inundation", preposition + noun phrase in the indirect genitive Two more main clauses starting with a subjunctive verb. Line 6: Aw jb.k m skA.k m Sd.k n sxt jArw jwt n.k Smw m wAHyt - May you be happy at your plowing on your plot of the Field of Reeds, - and may the harvest come to you in abundance. Aw jb.k = "may you be happy", (literally: may your heart be long) subjunctive of Awj (3ae-inf.) m skA.k = "at your plowing", prepositional phrase m Sd.k = "on your plot", prepositional phrase n sxt jArw = "of the Field of Reeds", indirect genitive jwt = "may come", subjunctive of jwj (anom.) (§19.2) n.k = "to you", dative Smsw = "the harvest", subject of the verb (VdS) m wAHyt = "in abundance", prepositional phrase Another two clauses with subjunctive verbs. In the first clause 'Aw jb' is a common Egyptian idiom. In the second 'jwt' is the irregular subjunctive of 'jwj'. Line 7: ... pr.k r HA tnw dwAw nw.k tw tnw mSrw sTA.tw n.k tkA m grH ... May you emerge outside each morning and bring yourself back each evening, and may a taper be lit for you in the night. pr.k = "may you emerge", subjunctive of prj (3ae-inf.) r HA = "outside", tnw dwAw = "each morning", adverb of time; for Tnw/tnw see §6.7 nw.k = "may you bring back", subjunctive of nwj (3ae-inf.) tw = "you", 2ms dependent pronoun, object of the verb tnw mSrw = "each evening", adverb of time sTA.tw = "may be lit", passive subjunctive of sTA (3-lit.) n.k = "for you", dative tkA = "a taper", subject of the verb (VdS) m grH = "in the night" (§8.2.3), This line has three clauses; each begins with a subjunctive verb and ends with an adverb of time. The verb in the third clause is passive. Line 8: ... Dd.tw n.k jjwj zp 2 m pr.k pn n anxw ... May "Welcome, welcome in this your house of the living" be said to you. Dd.tw = "may be said", passive subjunctive of Dd (2-lit.) n.k = "to you", dative jjwj zp 2 = "welcome, welcome", (§9.5) m pr.k pn = "in this your house", prepositional phrase n anxw = "of the living", indirect genitive Only a single clause. Recall Egyptian writes 'zp 2' when something is said twice (§9.5). ****************************************************** Exercise 19.1 Line 1 transliteration: xnms.k Smsww Hrw translation: May you associate with the followers of Horus This line is a simple sentence starting with the subjunctive form of the verb 'xnms' ("befriend, associate with"). The subjunctive of this 4-lit. verb is given by the base stem 'xnms'. Attached is the 2MS suffix pronoun 'k,' which represents the subject of the clause ("you", masculine). Allen tells us these lines represent a series of wishes, so 'xnms.k' translates as "May you associate (with)". The object of the verb is given by the direct genitive noun phrase 'Smsww Hrw'. The plural noun 'Smsww' means "followers," while the second noun 'Hrw' is the proper name "Horus"; thus, 'Smsww Hrw' means "followers of Horus". Line 2 transliteration: pr.k hA.k nn HnH(n).k nn Sna.k Hr sbA n dwAt translation: May you go up and go down without your being hindered or refused at the gate of the Duat The sentence in this line has two verbs in the subjunctive. The first is 'prj,' which means "go up, emerge, issue"; the subjunctive of this 3ae-inf. verb is given by the base stem 'pr'. The subject of this verb is given by the 2MS suffix pronoun 'k' ("you", masculine) attached to 'pr'. Similarly, the second verb is 'hA' derived from 'hAj' meaning "go down"; as with other 3ae-inf. verbs (and most verb classes for that matter), the subjunctive form is just the base stem of the verb. The subject of this verb is given by the 2MS suffix pronoun 'k' ("you", masculine) attached to 'pr'. The subjunctive forms of the verbs in this line are being used to express wishes. Thus, 'pr.k hA.k' here means "May you go up and go down". The rest of the line, 'nn HnH(n).k nn Sna.k Hr sbA n dwAt', is an unmarked adverb clause. 'HnHn' is the infinitive form of the 4-lit. verb 'HnHn' meaning "hinder"; the form of the infinitive of 4-lit. verbs is the base stem. The 2MS suffix pronoun 'k' attached to the infinitive is the object of the infinitive. The subject is not expressed. The existence of the action of the infinitive is here denied by the particle 'nn' appearing before it; thus, 'nn HnHn.k' translates as "without your being hindered". Similarly, 'Sna' is the infinitive of the 3-lit. verb 'Sna' meaning "refuse, bar"; the form of the infinitive of 3-lit. verbs is the base stem. The 2MS suffix pronoun 'k' attached to the infinitive is the object of the infinitive. The subject is not expressed. The existence of the action of the infinitive is here denied by the particle 'nn' appearing before it; thus, 'nn Sna.k' translates as "without your being refused". The infinitives are modified by the prepositional phrase 'Hr sbA n dwAt'. 'sbA', "gate", is followed by the indirect genitive 'n dwAt'; 'n' is the genitival adjective and agrees in number (singular) and gender (masculine) with 'sbA'. The preposition 'Hr' here has the meaning of "at" the location/position. Putting it together, the prepositional phrase 'Hr sbA n dwAt' means "at the gate of the Duat". Line 3 transliteration: wn.tw n.k aAwj Axt zn n.k qr(w)t Ds(w).sn translation: May the doors of Akhet open to you, and the doorbolts pull themselves back for you This line consists of two independent clauses. The first is 'wn.tw n.k aAwj Axt,' which starts off with the subjunctive of the verb 'wn,' which means "open". The subjunctive form of this 2-lit. verb is given by the base stem. Attached to the verb is the impersonal subject pronoun 'tw' ("one"), which serves as the subject of the clause. The object of the verb is given by the noun phrase 'aAwj Axt'. 'aAwj' is the dual of 'aA', "door", and indicates a pair of doors in a single frame. The phrase is a direct genitive denoting that the doors are of the Akhet ('Axt'). Lastly, 'n.k' is a dative meaning "for you". Since the dative involves a suffix pronoun and the object is not a pronoun, the dative comes before the object. The other clause, 'zn n.k qrwt Dsw.sn' is similar in form to the first clause in this line. It starts with the subjunctive of the verb 'zn' which means "pull back"; the subjunctive of this 2-lit. verb is given by the base stem. The subject of this clause is given by the plural noun 'qrwt' which means "doorbolts". 'n.k' is a dative meaning "for you"; since this dative involves a suffix pronoun, it comes before the nominal subject. Also present in this line is 'Dsw' which is the plural of the noun 'Ds', "self". Attached is the 3P suffix pronoun 'sn'. Thus, 'Dsw.sn' literally means "their selves" and refers to the doorbolts. The use of 'Dsw.sn' is adverbial and emphasizes that the doorbolts are the sole agent of the action of the verb. Line 4 transliteration: Xnm.k wsxt nt mAatj wSd tw nTr jm(j).s translation: May you join the (hall of the) Two Maats; may the god in it question you This line consists of two independent clauses. The first is 'Xnm.k wsxt nt mAatj'. It starts off with the subjunctive of the verb 'Xnm,' which means "join, unite"; the subjunctive of this 3-lit. verb is given by the base stem. Attached to the verb is the 2MS suffix pronoun 'k,' which serves as the subject ("you") of the clause. The subjunctive here is used to express a wish, so 'Xnm.k' here means "may you join". The noun phrase 'wsxt nt mAatj' is the object of the verb. 'wsxt' means "broad hall"; this is followed by the indirect genitive 'nt mAatj'. 'nt' is the genitival adjective and agrees in gender (feminine) with 'wsxt'. 'maAtj' is a dual noun with the 'j' given by the Z4 glyph; the fact the noun is a dual is further emphasized by the doubling of the O49 sign. 'wsxt nt mAatj' is a proper noun (the name of a location) that means something like "the (Broad) Hall of the Two Maats", but the dictionary at the end of Allen seems to imply that it is commonly translated simply as "the Two Maats". The other clause in this line is 'wSd tw nTr jm(j).s'. This clause starts off with the subjunctive of the verb 'wSd,' which means "address, question"; the subjunctive form of this 3-lit. verb is given by the base stem. The subject of the clause is given by the noun phrase 'nTr jmj.s'. 'jmj' is a prepositional nisbe, which means "inherent in" (sec. 8.6.1). Here, the 3FS suffix pronoun 's' is attached and refers to 'wsxt' in the previous clause on this line; 'jmj.s' thus means "inherent in it". So we have that 'nTr jmj.s' means "the god inherent in it" or more simply "the god in it" where the god is understood as associated with the hall of the "Two Maats". The object of the verb is given by the 2MS dependent pronoun 'tw' ("you"). The direct object comes before the subject in this clause since the object is pronominal while the subject is nominal. Since 'wsxt nt mAatj' refers to the hall of judgement, no doubt the god's purpose is to interrogate the deceased to determine their fitness for the afterlife. Thus taking 'wSd' as "question", we have the translation "may the god in it question you". Line 5 transliteration: jr.k Hms m Xnw jmHt wstn.k m nwt nt Hapj translation: May you make a seat inside the Cavern; may you stride in the town of Hapy Yet again, this line consists of two independent clauses. The first clause is 'jr.k Hms m Xnw jmHt'. It starts off with the subjunctive of the verb 'jrj,' which means "make, do"; the subjunctive of this 3ae-inf. verb is here given by the base stem. Attached to the verb is the 2MS suffix pronoun 'k,' which serves as the subject ("you") of the clause. The subjunctive here is used to express a wish, so 'jr.k' is translated as "may you make". 'Hms', which means "seat", is the object of the verb. The action of the verb in this clause is modified by the prepositional phrase 'm Xnw jmHt'. 'm Xnw' is a compound preposition formed from the preposition 'm' followed by the noun 'Xnw' ("interior"); literally it means "in the interior (of)," but idiomatically means "inside". 'Xnw' is here in a direct genitive with 'jmHt,' which means "Cavern" ('jmHt' evidently denotes a specific cavern in the Duat and not a cavern in general); thus, the prepositional phrase 'm Xnw jmHt' means "inside the Cavern". The other clause in this line is 'wstn.k m nwt nt Hapj'. This clause starts off with the subjunctive of the verb 'wstn,' which means "stride"; the subjunctive form of this 4-lit. verb is given by the base stem. The subject of the clause is given by the 2MS suffix pronoun 'k' ("you") attached to 'wstn'. The subjunctive is used here to express a wish, so 'wstn.k" is translated here as "may you stride". The action of the verb is modified by the prepositional phrase 'm nwt nt Hapj'. 'nwt', "town", is followed by the indirect genitive 'nt Hapj'. 'nt' is the genitival adjective and agrees in gender (feminine) with 'nwt', while 'Hapj' means "Inundation" (here the deification of the inundation as indicated by the determinative A40 glyph). 'm' is used here in the sense of "in" a space; hence 'm nwt nt Hapj' means "in the town of Hapy (Inundation)". Line 6 transliteration: Aw jb.k m skA.k m Sd.k n sxt jArw jwt n.k Smw m wAHyt translation: May you (your heart) be happy during your plowing in your plot in the Field of Reeds; may the harvest come to you with abundance of grain. Another line consisting of two independent clauses. The first is 'Aw jb.k m skA.k m Sd.k n sxt jArw'. It starts off with the subjunctive of the verb 'Awj,' which means "long/wide; extend"; the subjunctive of this 3ae-inf. verb is given by the base stem. The subject of the clause is 'jb.k.' which consists of 'jb' ("heart") with the 2MS suffix pronoun 'k' attached to indicate possession. Thus, 'Aw jb.k' literally means "may your heart be wide"; the dictionary at the back tells us that 'Awj jb' is an idiom for "be happy", so we have the figurative translation "may you be happy". The action of the verb is modified by the prepositional phrase 'm skA.k m Sd.k n sxt jArw'. The object of the preposition 'm' is the infinitival phrase 'skA.k m Sd.k n sxt jArw'. This phrase begins with the infinitive of the verb 'skA' ("plow"); the infinitive of this 3-lit. verb is given by the base stem. Attached to the infinitive is the 2MS suffix pronoun 'k,' which serves as the subject. The infinitive is modified by the prepositional phrase 'm Sd.k n sxt jArw'. The object of the preposition starts with 'Sd.k,' which means "your plot (of land)". This is followed by the indirect genitive 'n sxt jArw'. 'n' is the genitival adjective and agrees in number (singular) and gender (masculine) with 'Sd'. The noun phrase 'sxt jArw' is a proper name and means "Field of Reeds". The other clause in this line is 'jwt n.k Smw m wAHyt'. This clause starts off with the subjunctive of the verb 'jwj' ("come"); the subjunctive form of this anomalous 3ae-inf. verb has an ending 't': 'jwt'. The subject of the clause is given by 'Smw,' which means "harvest". The dative 'n.k' means "for you"; since the object of 'n' is a pronoun and the subject of the clause is a noun, the dative comes before the subject in this clause. The action of the verb is modified by the prepositional phrase 'm wAHyt'. 'wAHyt' means "abundance (of grain)"; 'm' is used in the sense of "with" something. The subjunctive is used here to express a wish, so putting the above together gives the translation "may the harvest come to you with abundance of grain". Line 7 transliteration: pr.k r HA tnw dwAw nw.k tw tnw mSrw stA.tw n.k tkA m grH translation: May you go outside each morning; may you return each evening; may a taper be lit for you at night There are three independent clauses in this line. The first one is 'pr.k r HA tnw dwAw'. This begins with the subjunctive of the verb 'prj,' which means "go up, emerge, issue". The subjunctive of this 3ae-inf. verb is given by the base stem. Attached is the 2MS suffix pronoun 'k', which serves as the subject of the clause ("you"). The subjunctive is being used here to express a wish, so 'pr.k' translates as "may you go outside". The verb is modified by 'r HA' and 'tnw dwAw'. 'r HA' is a prepositional phrase that idiomatically means "outside". 'tnw dwAw' is a direct genitive and means "each morning"; in this sentence, this phrase is being used adverbially. The second clause in this sentence is 'nw.k tw tnw mSrw'. This begins with the subjunctive of the verb 'nwj,' which means "bring back". The subjunctive of this 3ae-inf. verb is given by the base stem. Attached is the 2MS suffix pronoun 'k', which serves as the subject of the clause ("you"). The subjunctive is being used here to express a wish, so 'nw.k' translates as "may you bring back". The 2MS dependent pronoun 'tw' serves as the object ("you") of the verb in this clause. Since the subjunctive is being used to express a wish here, 'nw.k tw' literally translates as "may you bring back you"; paraphrasing this, it means "may you return". The verb is modified by 'tnw mSrw'. 'tnw mSrw' is a direct genitive noun phrase and means "each evening"; in this sentence, the phrase is used adverbially. The third clause in this line is 'stA.tw n.k tkA m grH'. It starts with the subjunctive of the verb 'stA,' which means "light (a wick)"; the subjunctive of the caus. 2-lit. verb is given by the base stem. Attached to the verb is the impersonal subject pronoun 'tw' ("one"). The object of the verb is 'tkA' ("wick, taper"). The dative 'n.k' means "for you"; since the object of 'n' is a pronoun and the object of the verb is a noun, the dative comes before the object in this clause. The verb is modified by the prepositional phrase 'm grH,' which means "at night". The subjunctive is used here to express a wish, so the clause means "may one light a taper for you at night"; rendering this as a passive, we have "may a taper be lit for you at night". Line 8 transliteration: Dd.tw n.k jjwj zp 2 (jjwj jjwj) m pr.k pn n anxw translation: May "Welcome, welcome in this house of the living of yours" be said to you This sentence begins with the subjunctive of the verb 'Dd,' which means "say, tell, speak"; the subjunctive form of this 2-lit. verb is given by the base stem. Attached to the verb is the impersonal subject pronoun 'tw' ("one"). The dative 'n.k' means "for you"; since the object of 'n' is a pronoun and the object of the verb is a noun clause (which I discuss in the next paragraph), the dative comes before the object in this clause. The subjunctive is used here to express a wish, so 'Dd.tw n.k Y' means "May one say Y to you"; rendering this as a passive, we have "May Y be said to you". The object of the verb is the clause 'jjwj zp 2 m pr.k pn n anxw'. This clause has an adjectival predicate given here by the perfective participle 'jjwj,' which means "welcome!" (ch. 23, particularly sec. 23.11 (esp. the last line); the dual masculine form marks it as exclamatory, sec. 7.2). 'zp 2' takes on a "ditto" function (sec. 9.5), so 'jjwj zp 2' equates to 'jjwj jjwj'. The subject is not explicitly given in this clause, perhaps because the predicate essentially functions as an imperative here. 'jjwj zp 2' is modified by the prepositional phrase 'm pr.k pn n anxw'. 'pr.k' means your house. In apposition to 'pr.k' is the demonstrative pronoun 'pn,' which means "this". This is followed by the indirect genitive 'n anxw'. 'n' is the genitival adjective and agrees in gender (masculine) and number (singular) as 'pr'.' 'anxw' is the plural of 'anx,' which means "living person". 19.1 Allen: from a series of wishes for the afterlife. wsxtnt mAatj refers to the hall of judgement; jjwj ="welcome" Transliteration of complete text: xnms.k Smsww Hrw pr.k hA.k nn HnH(n).k nn Sna.k Hr sbA dwAt wn.tw n.k aAwj Axt zn n.k qrwt Dsw.sn Xnm.k wkxt nt mAatj wSd tw nTr jm(j).s jr.k Hms m Xnw jmHt wstn.k m nwt nt Hapj jb.k m skA.k jm Sd.k n sxt jArw jwt n.k Smw m wAHyt... pr.k r HA tnw dwAw nw.k tw tnw mSrw stA.tw n.k tkA m grH... ...Dd.tw n.k jjwj zp 2 m pr.k pn n anxw Transliteration of line 1: xnms.k Smsww Hrw Dissection of line 1: xnms.k = subjunctive of xnms (4-lit.) "befriend, associate with" Smsww = plural of Smsw "follower" Hrw = "Horus" Translation of line 1: "May you befriend the followers of Horus." Transliteration of line 2: pr.k hA.k nn HnH(n).k nn Sna.k Hr sbA dwAt Dissection of line 2: pr.k = subjunctive of prj (3ae-inf.) "go up,emerge, issue" hA.k = subjunctive of hAj (3ae-inf.) "go down" pr.k hA.k = "May you go up and go down" or "May you rise and set" nn = negation HnH(n).k = infinitive of HnHn (4-lit.) "hinder" nn = negation Sna.k = infinitive of Sna (3-lit.) "refuse, bar" nn HnHn.k nn Sna.k = literally, "without your 'hindering,' without your 'barring'" Hr = "upon" s bA = "gate, doorway" dwAt = "the Duat" (Essay 2) sbA dwAt = direct genitive, "the Gate of the Duat" Translation of line 2: "May you rise and set without being hindered or barred at the Gate of the Duat." Transliteration of line 3: wn.tw n.k aAwj Axt zn n.k qrwt Dsw.sn Dissection of line 3: wn.tw = passive form of the subjunctive of wn(2-lit.) "open;" tw = impersonal suffix pronoun; therefore wn.tw = "One shall open" n.k = "for you" aAwj = "door" Axt = "the Akhet" (Essay 2) aAwj Axt = "the Door of the Akhet" wn.tw n.k aAwj Axt = "The Door of the Akhet shall open for you" zn = subjunctive of zn (2-lit.) "pull back" n.k = "for you" qrwt = plural of qrt "doorbolt" Dsw.sn = plural of Ds "self" + .sn "them" (3rd person plural suffix pronoun) = "themselves" Translation of line 3: "The Door of the Akhet shall open for you; may the doorbolts pull back themselves." Transliteration of line 4: Xnm.k wkxt nt mAatj wSd tw nTr jm(j).s Dissection of Line 4: Xnm.k = subjunctive of Xnm (3-lit.) "join, unite" = "May you join" wsxt nt mAatj = "Broad Hall of the Two Maats," the hall of judgement in the afterlife so called because the judges sit in two rows on either side of the hall. wSd = subjunctive of wSd (3-lit.) "address, question" tw = 2nd person masculine singular dependent pronoun, "you" (object of wSd) nTr = "the god" jm(j).s = "in it" (i.e., in the Broad Hall of the Two Maats) Translation of line 4: "May you join the Broad Hall of the Two Maats and may the god in it question you." Transliteration of line 5: jr.k Hms m Xnw jmHtwstn.k m nwt nt Hapj Dissection of line 5: jr.k = subjunctive of jrj "do" Hms = infinitive of Hmsj (4ae-inf.) "sit down, reside" m Xnw = "inside" jmHt = "the Cavern," a place in the Duat wstn.k = subjunctive of wstn (4-lit.) "stride" m = "in" nwt = "town" nt = indirect genitive Hapj = the god Hapi, personification of the Inundation Translation of line 5: May you reside in the Cavern and stride in the town of Hapi, god of the Inundation. Transliteration of line 6: Aw jb.k m skA.k jm Sd.k n sxt jArw jwt n.k Smw m wAHyt... Dissection of line 6: Aw = subjunctive of Awj (adj.-verb 3ae-inf.) "long, extend" jb.k = "your heart" Aw jb.k = "May your heart be happy" (i.e., May your heart be wide) m = "in" skA.k = infinitive of skA (3-lit.) "plow," ="your plowing" m = "in" Sd.k = "your plot (of land)" n = indirect genitive sxt jArw = "Field of Reeds," a place in theafterlife jwt = subjunctive of jwj (verb anom.) "come,return" (19.2) n.k = for you Smw = "harvest" m = "in" wAHyt = "abundance (of grain)" Translation of Line 6: "May your heart be happy inplowing your plot in the Field of Reeds, and may your harvest come in abundance for you." Transliteration of line 7: pr.k r HA tnw dwAw nw.k tw tnw mSrw stA.tw n.k tkA m grH Dissection of line 7: pr.k = subjunctive of prj (3ae-inf.) "go up,emerge, issue" r HA = "outside, out" tnw = "each, every" (6.7) dwAw = "morning" nw.k = subjunctive of nwj (3ae-inf.) "bring back" tw = 2nd person masculine singular dependent pronoun (object of nw.k) tnw = "each, every" (6.7) mSrw = "evening" nw.k tw tnw mSrw = literally, "May you bring yourself back every evening." stA.tw = passive subjunctive of stA (caus.2-lit.) "light (a wick)" n.k = "for you" tkA - "wick, taper" m grH = "in the night" Translation of line 7: "May you go out every morning and return every evening; a taper shall be lit for you in the night..." Transliteration of line 8: ...Dd.tw n.k jjwj zp 2 m pr.k pn n anxw Dissection of line 8: Dd.tw = passive subjunctive of Dd (2-lit.) "say,tell, speak" = "One shall say" n.k = "to you" jjwj = "welcome" zp 2 = a notation to the reader to repeat the previous word or phrase (9.5) jjwj zp 2 = "Welcome! Welcome!" m = "in, into" pr.k = "your house," Notice that this it the nounphrase pr.k and not the subjunctive pr.k since the pr "house" ideogram is followed by the single stroke. pn = "this" n = indirect genitive anxw = "the living" Translation of line 8: "One shall say to you,"Welcome! Welcome to this, your house of the living!" Translation of complete text: "May you befriend the followers of Horus. May you goup and down without being hindered or barred at the Gate of the Duat. The Door of the Akhet shall open for you; may the doorbolts pull back themselves. May you join the Broad Hall of the Two Maats and may the god in it question you. May you reside in the Cavern and stride in the town of Hapi, god of the Inundation. May your heart be happy in plowing your plot in the Field of Reeds, and may your harvest come in abundance for you. May you go out every morning and return every evening; a taper shall be lit for you in the night... One shall say to you, "Welcome! Welcome to this, your house of the living!" ============================================================================== From: "Gerard G. Passera" To: "Forum AEL" Subject: AEL Konosso stela - year 8 Thutmose IV Date: Thu, 1 Mar 2007 10:48:29 +0100 Hello, Does someone know where I can find a translation in French of the Konosso stela - year 8 Thutmose IV (Urk, IV 1545-1548) ? There are at least two translations in English ( BAR II, 823-829 and B.Bryan's thesis p. 417-19), but before I go translate these, I would like to know if there's one available in French. Gérard Passera ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 19.7 Date: Wed, 28 Feb 2007 23:50:14 -0600 19.7 read right to left mA sA.k bjn, mSa.j m sA.k, nn jwr Hmwt Hwt-wart...dj.j mA jppj At Hwrt Your back will see evil, since my army is in back of you. The women of Avaris will not conceive ...I will make Apophis see a wretched time. mA 2ae-gem will see sA noun back .k personal pronoun your bjn noun evil mSa noun army .j personal pronoun my m sA in back of .k personal pronoun you nn particle 16.6.8 not jwr verb 3-lit conceive Hmwt noun women Hwt-wart noun Avaris dj verb (anom) will make .j personal pronoun I mA verb 2ae-gem see jppj noun Apophis At moment, time Hwrt adjective noun wretched 19.7 mA sA.k bjn, mSa.j m sA.k, nn jwr Hmt Hwt-wart... dj.j mA jppj At Hwrt "Your back will see evil, my army is by your back. The women on Avaris will not conceive ... I will give that Apophis sees a wretched moment." mA sA.k bjn - "May your back see evil" 'mA' is the subjunctive of the 3ae-gem. verb mAA "see". 'sA' noun "back", subject of the verb '.k' possessive 2MS suffix pronoun, modifies 'sA' 'bjn' noun "evil", object of the verb mSa.j m sA.k - "(because) my army is by your back" 'mSa' noun "army", subject of this adverbial clause '.j' possessive 1S suffix pronoun, modifies 'mSa' 'm' preposition "by, in, among" starts the predicate 'sA' noun "back" object of the preposition '.k' possessive 2MS suffix pronoun, modifies 'sA' This is a clause with an adverbial predicate. It could be considered a separate sentence, but the English translation works better if it's treated as a dependent clause, expanding on the previous statement. nn jwr Hmt Hwt-wart - "The women of Avaris will not conceive." nn - negative particle jwr - 3-lit. verb "conceive" in the subjunctive Hmt - noun "women", subject of the verb Hwt-wart - proper noun "Avaris" capital of the Hyksos in direct genitive with the subject noun. This is a negative subjunctive sentence, expressing contingently the Pharaoh's threat that the foreign women will be barren. dj.j mA jppj At Hwrt - "I will give that Apophis sees a wretched moment" dj - subjunctive of the anom. verb rdj "give" .j - 1S suffix pronoun as subject This introduces a clause which is the object of this subjunctive mA - subjunctive of the verb "see" jppj - proper name "Apophis", King of the Hyksos, subject of 'mA' At - noun "time, moment, instant" object of 'mA' Hwrt - adjective "poor, wretched", modifies 'At' Literally, we have "I will/want to give (that) Apophis will/should/could see a wretched moment." The verb rdj + subjunctive has the meaning of causation (section 19.10) so together this means "I will make it so Apophis sees a wretched time." Nice threat. :) 19.7 (mA sA.k bjn, mSa.j sA.k, nn jwr Hmwt Hwt-wart...dj.j mA jppj At Hwrt) (mA) verb, 2ae-gem. without the gemination - subjunctive, = will see (sA.k) noun + 2MS suffix pronoun = your back [subject] expresses future intention bjn) noun = evil This is the main clause Your back shall see evil. (mSa.j) noun + 1MS suffix pronoun = my army (sA.k) as in the main clause = your back This is a circumstantial clause, so we add the word 'since' = since my army is at your back. (nn) negative particle = not (jwr) verb, 3-lit. = will conceive (Hmwt) noun, plural, = women [subject] (Hwt-wart) proper noun (place name) Honorific transposition, Avaris [women of Avaris = direct genitive = the women of Avaris will not conceive (dj.j) verb, anom.,1MS, subjunctive = I will make this is the verb and the subject (mA) verb, 2ae-gem *but not geminated*, subjunctive = see QUESTION: I'm not sure about this one - is it the infinitive? a pseudoverbal construction? (jppj) from Allen = Apophis, the ruler of the Hyksos direct object (At) noun = moment, moment of rage (Hwrt) adjective = wretched = I will make Apophis see a wretched moment. 19.7 mA sA.k bjn mSa.j m sA.k nn jwr Hm(w)t Hwt-wart ... dj.j mA jppj At Hwrt mA = (verb) look, (here, subjunctive) sA = back bjn = badness, evil (noun or adj verb) mSa = expeditionary force m sA.k = in back of, in charge of jwr (verb 3-lit) = conceive Hmt = woman, wife Hwt-wart = Avaris, the capital of Hyksos DICTIONARY QUESTION: At = moment, instant I spent quite a while looking for that word. For some reason it is the first word in the dictionary. Shouldn't it bebetween Axtj and Atp though? ;) Hwr = poor, wretched. Here, t is added to agree with the noun At NOTES 1. In §12.17 Allen discusses unmarked adverb clauses, and this particular example too, noting that the exact relation between the two phrases is in fact never certain, but in this particular case the causality is clear: "Your back will see evil BECAUSE my army is at your back" 2. dj + subjunctive has causative meaning 3. 'At' seems to imply a very short moment. DICTIONARY QUESTION: Faulkner also lists a seemingly related (?) word At (without the sun-determinative) denoting a 'striking power of a god'. = So it appears, that by 'wretched time' the speaker actually means the instant of a battle, and not some prolonged misery. SO: Your back will see evil: my army is at your back. The women of Avaris will not conceive ... I will cause Apophis to see a wretched time. ==============================================================================