From: "A.K. Eyma" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: Re: AEL Re: Is anybody there? / New Text to Translate Date: Sun, 26 Nov 2006 18:44:40 +0100 >I haven't done any hieroglyph work for ages, but the 'Dream' stela of >Tuthmoses IV might tempt me to get back into it. Is the text online? **A (dated?) drawing -- LD III, 68 -- at: http://tinyurl.com/3joex Partakers with access to Urk. IV, 1539a-1544 would need to fill in the holes. Aayko Eyma ============================================================================== From: "Nicole B. Hansen" Subject: AEL Learn Hieroglyphs Online Today To: Ancient Egyptian Language List Date: Mon, 27 Nov 2006 06:12:33 -0600 (CST) Did you join the AEL-list because you wanted to learn to read Egyptian hieroglyphs but haven't progressed as far as you would like on your own, haven't been able to keep up with the Glyph-Study group, or just prefer to have personalized feedback on your work from an instructor? If so, Glyphdoctors' course in Middle Egyptian provides you with a complete introduction to Middle Egyptian grammar, enabling you to comprehend and translate literary, religious, historical and documentary texts. The course is taught online and is self-paced so you can fit it into any schedule, anywhere. You will gain access to a virtual classroom where you will have the guidance of Egyptologist Nicole Hansen (who has a Ph.D. in Egyptology from the University of Chicago) and be able to interact with other students. You can read more about the course here: http://www.glyphdoctors.com/mod/resource/view.php?id=41 View an animated course preview here: http://www.glyphdoctors.com/mod/resource/view.php?id=644 See what currently enrolled students are saying about the course here: http://www.glyphdoctors.com/mod/resource/view.php?id=651 Gift certificates are available for this and other Glyphdoctors' courses as well. Nicole B. Hansen, Ph.D. Study Egyptology Online at http://www.glyphdoctors.com Chicago, USA ============================================================================== From: "raymond usher-cooper." To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL New Text to Translate Date: Mon, 27 Nov 2006 17:20:48 -0000 I had thought at one time that there were plans afoot to tackle another more weighty project once the Merenptah stela was completed. As this has not advanced and things have been rather quiet recently, if several people are interested it would seem to be a good idea to work on the three scarab inscriptions first on the lead up to Christmas and delve into something else after the holiday. The Lepsius Expedition drawing of the Tut IV "Dream" stela, together with a few assorted lacunae, is (as Aayko has said) online at http://tinyurl.com/3joex I had intended to forget about the holes: however, depending on the date when damage occurred, possibly Urk. IV, 1539a-1544 might help if anyone has access to it. Aayko's modesty may well have prevented him from mentioning it, so for those new members searching for texts and who might not be aware of the fact, there are some good links at EEF. http://www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/Alley/4482/archeef.html look at ___FAQs ___Online Text Resources: or Literature: http://www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/Alley/4482/EEFBooks.html is the Literature http://www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/Alley/4482/EEFtexts.html is a list of online texts and where to find them, brilliantly compiled with dedication by Michael Tilgner. http://edoc3.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/lepsius/tafelw.htmL has the exquisite graphic illustrations from the Denkmaeler. All the best for now, Raymond A. Usher-Cooper. ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: Re: AEL New Text to Translate Date: Mon, 27 Nov 2006 15:44:39 -0600 Hey Raymond, I too found this image, but was unable to get it to print properly, and was hoping to find it somewhere else in a format I could use. Printing directly from the image I was only able to get one corner. --when I turned it to an Adobe Acrobat document, I got nothing but black when I printed. Any thoughts on how to format this for printing it out,of will we all need to make our own hand copies? I have some photo programs, but have never had time to figure them out. best, Karen ============================================================================== From: "Mark Wilson" To: Ancient Egyptian Language List Date: Tue, 28 Nov 2006 10:11:49 -0000 Subject: Re: AEL New Text to Translate Hi Raymond, > I had thought at one time that there were plans > afoot to tackle another more weighty project once the Merenptah stela was completed. You are indeed correct. The idea was to do some work on some texts from pWestcar. There is an introductory page on the AEL site here: http://www.rostau.org.uk/AEgyptian-L/westcar.html And one list member started work on the text here: http://www.rostau.org.uk/AEgyptian-L/archives/week456.txt Since then there has been little translation work on the list, but maybe there is renewed interest now. Whether we tackle this or something shorter, it would be great to get into some translation work again! Best wishes, Mark Wilson. ============================================================================== From: "msv" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: Re: AEL New Text to Translate Date: Tue, 28 Nov 2006 10:30:07 -0000 If you Right-Click on a picture you can then save it to a location of your choice and print from there. should work for any web based picture, if not click 'print screen' and save mark ============================================================================== From: "raymond usher-cooper." To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL Dictionaries. Date: Wed, 29 Nov 2006 19:15:19 -0000 Picking up on Karen's mail re: dictionaries (see below) Even the scarab inscriptions can be a little tricky - the scarabs themselves being small and the words not always written out in full. The most comprehensive Wordlist in English has to be Gardiner's, though it has its limitations as a dictionary. There are other smaller listings in most textbooks I guess. The one and only dictionary in English is the handwritten job compiled by Raymond Faulkner. It is still in print I think, and it is also possible to find second hand copies from time to time. I know Gardiner was fluent in German: I imagine Breasted must have been, too. I suppose, from time to time, they both used the German dictionary, which runs to several volumes. There is a pathetic irony in the fact that the British have never quite got their act together in this particular area. Luca Brigatti has written a program for a computerised dictionary and Mark Vygus prepared a more or less complete wordlist based on the Faulkner which is designed to work with it. The dictionary is brilliant if you are working at the computer screen and saves a lot of juggling around with various weighty books. I have a very large .jpg file of Gardiner's sign list which I patched together somehow and, with that and the dictionary up and running, I find it is much easier to work at a computer than it was before. Luca's dictionary and Mark's Words are at:- http://home.comcast.net/~thot/ or http://home.comcast.net/~thot/computerized_hieroglyphics_flash.htm I would have thought there should now be a link to it from the AEL site but I think it is probably some time since the links page was up-dated. There is also a thing called the Beinlich Egyptian German dictionary in text format, which has been run through a German/English translator on the net to produce an English version. Though I use it rarely, I have found it useful occasionally in the past - particularly when I have been totally at a loss and desperate for a clue of some sort. <(;-( I imagine it may be on the net somewhere. If anyone cannot find it and would like it I can zip off my copy to them. Luca's dictionary, however, is much more worthwhile. If anyone would like the Gardiner signlist, let me know. Raymond A. Usher-Cooper. ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY 18.25 Date: Wed, 29 Nov 2006 20:32:01 -0600 18.25 jnk Aa m nwt=f Sps m pr=f ... jwt(j) sDr.n r(m)T Spt=(w) r=f jnk - I Aa - great m - in nwt=f - his city Sps - noble m - in pr=f - his house ... jwt(j) - who is not sDr.n - perfect of the verb sDr r(m)T - people Spt.(w) - stative (in the state of being angry) r=f - with respect to him i.e. at him I am a (man) great in his city, noble in his house... at whom people do not go to bed being angry 18.25 jnk aA m nwt.f Sps m pr.f .. jwt(j) sDr.n r(m)T Spt.(w) r.f jnk = independent pronoun 1S = I aA = adjective = big, important m = preposition = in nwt.f = noun + suffix pronoun = his town jnk aA m nwt.f = I am an important (one) in his town = I am one who is important in his town Spsj = adjective-verb 4ae-inf = fine, special, noble Sps = noble m = preposition pr.f = noun + suffix pronoun = his house Sps m pr.f = and noble in his house jnk aA m nwt.f Sps m pr.f = I am one who is important in his town and noble in his house ............ jwt(j) = negative relative adjective (S18.17 & S12.9) = who not, which not sDr = perfect of verb 3-lit = lie down, sleep jwt(j) sDr.n = (who) do not lie down = VERB r(m)T = noun = people = SUBJECT Spt = verb 3-lit = get angry Spt.(w) = verb + stative suffix = angered r.f = preposition + suffix pronoun = at him Spt.(w) r.f = angered at him = OBJECT Word order = VsdoSOA Subject = people Verb = lie down; negated = do not lie down Object = angered at him jwt(j) sDr.n r(m)T Spt.(w) r.f = people do not lie down angered at him jnk aA m nwt.f Sps m pr.f .. jwt(j) sDr.n r(m)T Spt.(w) r.f = I am one great in his town and noble in his house . people do not lie down angry with him QUESTION: (Allen says 'one at whom people do not go to bed angry' but I don't know why 'one at whom' unless it fits in with previous clauses) ************************************************ 18.25 read right to left jnk aA m nwt.f Sps m pr.f...jwt(j) sDr.n r(m)T Spt(w) r.f I am one great in his town and noble in his house ...one at whom people do not go to bed angry. literally ...one who people do not go to bed angered at him jnk 1s dependent pronoun I aA great m in nwt.f his town Sps adjective-verb 4ae-inf noble m in pr.f his house jwt(j) negative relative adjective who not sDr.n verb 3-lit lie down r(m)t noun people Spt(w) verb 3-lit got angry r preposition 8.2.7 to .f him *************************************************************** 18.25 ORIENTATION: horizontal, right to left, normal W24:V31A-A1-O29:D36-G17-O49*(X1:Z1):I9-A50-S29-G17-O1*Z1:I9 . D35:X1-S29-M36:D21-A55:N35-D21:V13-A1:Z2-N37:Q3*X1-K7-D21:I9 W24:V31A-A1 jn:k-{ Determinative MAN; also in first singular pronouns jnk} O29:D36 aA:{Ideogr for a "arm, hand"} G17 m O49*(X1:Z1):I9 nwt*(t(complement):{ Used as ideogr of signs meant to be read as ideograms rather than phonogram}:f A50-S29 { variant of A51-Spss)-s(complement) G17 m O1*Z1:I9 . pr*{ Used as ideogr of signs meant to be read as ideograms rather than phonogram}:f D35:X1 jw:t S29-M36:D21-A55:N35 s-Dr:r(complement)- Det. LIE:n D21:V13-A1:Z2 r:T-{ determinative PEOPLE}:{ Det in PLURAL} N37:Q3*X1-K7 S:p*t-{ Det in Spt "angry} D21:I9 r:f jnk aA m nwt.f Spss m pr.f . jwt(j) sDr.n r(m)T Spt.(w) r.f VOCABULARY: jnk - 1st sing independent pronoun aA - adj - "great' m - preposition nwt - noun, f - "city, town" f - masc sing suffix pronoun Spss - noun - "Noble" pr - noun, m - "house" jwtj - negative relative adjective sDr - verb, 3 lit- "lie down, sleep" j - 1 sing. suffix pronoun rmT - noun, pl - "people" Spt - verb, 3 lit - "become angry, disappointed" r - preposition GRAMMAR: jnk aA - AB nominal construction with an independent pronoun in A. m nwt.f - prepositional phrase. This plus AB construction is an adverbial clause, subject coming first. Spss m pr.f - another adverbial, understand jnk in ellipsis. . jwtj - negates the following perfect form. sDr.n rmT - perfect form of sDr and its subject. S pt - must be stative Spt(.w). rmT = jwty is the subject. TRANSLATION: "I am a great man in his city, a noble man in his house . there is no one who goes to sleep angry/disappointed in him." Note how the feeling of the English changes depending on which alternative for Spt you select. ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 18.23 Date: Wed, 29 Nov 2006 20:29:49 -0600 18.23 Hmt.f Hr SsA n.f nj sDm.n.f n.s His wife was pleading to him, but he did not listen to her. Hmt.f = "his wife" Hr SsA = "was pleading", Hr + infinitive (Chapter 15) n.f = "to him" nj = "not", negative particle sDm.n.f = "he listened" n.s = "to her" There are two clauses here, the first has a pseudoverbal predicate, the second has a verb in the perfect. The first is 'Hmt.f Hr SsA n.f'. Here 'Hm.f', "his wife", is the subject. The pseudo-verbal predicate 'Hr SsA' is imperfect; i t indicates ongoing action, and is translated "is pleading" or "was pleading" (§15.2). Allen has translated it as refering to past action (§15.3). After the infinitive there is a dative, 'n.f', "to him", which concludes the first half of the sentence. The second part of the sentence starts with a negated verb 'nj sDm.n.f'. This is the negative counterpart of the construction in the first half of the sentence (§18.14). As such it may be a simple negation of action. It isfollowed by the prepostional phrase 'n.s'. The combination 'sDm n' means "to listen to" (p.469). The translation "he did/does not listen to her" (cf.§18.14, 2nd example) is more likely than negation of ability, translated with "he can't/couldn't ...". 18.23 (read right to left) Hmt.f Hr SsA n.f nj sDm.n.f n.s "His wife was pleading with him, but he could not listen to her." This exercise consists of two independent clauses. The first is a pseudo-verbal construction in the infinitive: Hmt.f - "his wife", subject Hr - preposition, Hr + infinitive indicates present or past SsA - infinitive of the caus. 3ae-inf. verb SsAj "please, pray" presumedly literally "cause to become wise" QUESTION: but the entries in Allen's dictionary are contradictory, with 'SsAj' saying it was originally 'sSAj' and 3-lit. adj-verb 'sSA' saying it was originally 'SsA'. n.f - dative "to him" "His wife is/was pleading to him." The English idiom is the more egalitarian "plead with". The second is a negative perfect, indicating inability to complete or perform an action: nj - negative particle sDm.n.f - perfect of the 3-lit. verb sDm "hear" with 3MS suffix pronoun as subject n.s - dative "to her". The entry for sDm notes that 'sDm n' means "listen." So, "He could not listen to her." In the answer key, Allen renders this as one sentence coupled by "but": "His wife was pleading with him, but he could not listen to her." 18.23 Hmt.f Hr SsA n.f, nj sDm.n.f n.s Grammatical points illustrated: 1) pseudoverbal construction with Hr; 2) negated perfect form. SsAj - causative of a 3-weak verb; 'to plead, to pray' (Usually, causatives are formed by adding an 's' to the beginning of the word. Allen explains this apparently irregular causative as originally having been *sSAj; the first two consonants then switched places.) Hmt.f - 'his wife' Hmt.f Hr SsA - 'his wife is/was pleading'. Hr+infinitive is used to express on-going action, or action in progress. It is basically non-temporal (does not express a particular tense), and can express: action going on now, action that was going on in the past, or generic action. In this sentence, the context would seem to put the action in the past tense. (See Allen 15.2) Hmt.f Hr SsA n.f - 'his wife was pleading with him' (literally, 'to him') ----- sDm.n.f - 'he listened' This is a regular perfect construction with a pronominal subject. sDm.n.f n.s - 'he listened to her'. Now, a perfect construction can be negated with the particle 'nj'. However, this is not a straight-up negation; there is usually a shift in meaning when 'nj' is added to a perfect verb form. As Allen explains in section 18.14, it expresses the negation of ACTION, ABILITY, or NECESSITY. Examples: he listens -- negation of ACTION: he doesn't listen. he listens -- negation of ABILITY: he can't listen. he listens -- negation of NECESSITY: he doesn't have to listen. Like the affirmative perfect, the negated perfect is non-temporal (can express past, present, or future action), so the preceding examples could have been past tense, as well. So to translate the exercise sentence, you could try either: His wife was pleading with him, (but) he couldn't listen to her (negation of ability), or His wife was pleading with him, (but) he didn't listen to her (negation of action). (see the second example in 18.14 for a very similar sentence) 18.23 read right to left Hmt.f Hr SsA n.f, nj sDm n.f n.s His wife was pleading with him, but he couldn't listen to her. Hmt noun wife .f personal pronoun his SsA verb caus 3ae-inf plead Hr SsA was pleading n belonging to (with?) .f him nj negation not sDm verb 3-lit listen n to .f he n.s to her ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 18.27 Date: Wed, 29 Nov 2006 20:34:11 -0600 18.27 jr.n.f m mnw.f n (j)t(j).f jmn nb nswt tAwj xnt(j) Dsrt jmntt saHa n.f st.f Dsrt nt zp tp(j) smnx sj m kAwt nt (n)HH jst gm.n Hm.f wA.(w) r wAs jr.f dj anx mj-ra Dt He has made as his monument for his father Amun, lord of the thrones of the two lands, foremost of the western sacred area, erecting for him his holyplace of the First Occasion and making it effective with works of eternity, for His Incarnation found it fallen into ruin, that he might achieve given-life like Re forever. Line 1: jr.n.f = "he has made", perfect of jrj (3ae inf.) m mnw.f = "as his monument" n jtj.f = "for his father" jmn = "Amun" nb nswt tAwj = "lord of the thrones of the two lands" xntj Dsrt jmntt = "foremost of the western sacred area" Line 2: saHa = "erecting", infinitive n.f = "for him" st.f Dsrt = "his holy place" nt zp tp(j) = "of the First Occasion" smnx = "making effective", infinitive sj (for st) = "it", object of the infinitive m kAwt = "with works" nt nHH = "of eternity", indirect genitive Line 3: jst introduces a dependent clause gm.n = "found", perfect of gmj (3ae-inf.) = "it", i.e. the monument Hm.f = "His Incarnation", the subject of the verb wA.w = "fallen", stative r wAs = "into ruin" Line 4: jr.f = "that he might achieve", verb dj anx = "given-life" mj-ra = "like Re", honorific transposition Dt = "forever" This is an example of the 'jr.n.f m mnw.f' formula, discussed in §18.7. The first line contains part (1) of the formula 'jr.n.f m mnw.f n jtj.f', "He has made as a monument for his father ...", with the perfect 'jr.n.f' expressing completed action. Next comes the name 'jmn', "Amun". The remainder of this line consists of epithets of Amun. Firstly 'nb nswt tAwj' (three nouns in a double direct genitive comstruction), "lord of the thrones of the two lands", for which Allen refers us to Essay 15. The second is 'xntj Dsrt jmntt', "foremost (one) of the western sacred area". Here 'xntj'is a nisbe adjective used as a noun, and 'jmntt' is another nisbe with a feminine ending to agree with 'Dsrt'. The second line contains part (2) of the formula. This typically starts with the infinitive 'jrt n.f', "making for him". Here we have two phrases, Each using the infinitive of a verb other than 'jrj'. The first is 'saHa n.f',"erecting for him". This is followed by a description of the monument: 'st.fDsrt nt zp tpj'. Here 'Dsrt', "holy", is an feminine adjective agreeing withthe noun 'st', "place". Then comes an indirect genitive with the feminine genitival adjective 'nt', again, because 'st' is feminine. 'zp',time/ocassion" is a noun and 'tpj', "first", is a nisbe adjective. The second phrase starts with the infinitive 'smsx', "making effective". The object of the infinitive is the pronoun'sj', "it", ... The phrase concludes with the prepositional phrase 'm kAwt nt nHH', "with works of infinity". The third line contains a dependent clause introduced by 'jst'. The verb is 'gm.n', "found" and the subject is 'Hm.f", "His Incarnation". Allen tells us that the dependent pronoun 'sw' should appear after 'gm.n'. This is the object of the verb. So this phrase means "His Incarnation found it". The next is a stative 'wA.(w)', "fallen" followed by 'r wAs', "to ruin". As in§17.19, this is an adverb clause, where the subject of the stative is the object of 'gm.n', i.e. 'sw'. Essentially , this clause describes prior circumstance (§18.11). Possible translations include "His Incarnation having found it fallen into ruin", "after His Incarnation found it fallen into ruin", or, implying causality, "since His Incarnation had found it fallen into ruin". The final line is part (3) of the formula. This is the same as the example in §18.7 with the addition of 'mj-ra', "like Re". 18.27 ir.n=f mnw=f n (j)t=f jmn nb nswt tAwj xnt(j) Dsrt jmntt saHa n=f st=f Dsrt nt zp tpj smnx sj m kAwt nt nHH jst gm.n (sw) Hm=f wA=(w) r wAs jr=f dj anx mj ra Dt Note: this is somewhat similar to the example in 18.7part (1): jr.n=f m mnw=f n jt=f He has made as a monument to his father jmn - Amun nb nswt tAwj - lord of the thrones of the Two Lands (essay 15) xnt(j) - (nisbe) he who is foremost Dsrt - sacred area jmntt - western (+ feminine ending t to agree with Dsrt) part (2): saHa (verb, cause-3lit) erect => noun 'erection' n=f - for him st=f Dsrt - his sacred place nt - of (genetive) zp tpj - first occasion smnx - (verb caus-3lit) make functional = noun 'making functional' sj - it m - with kAwt nt nHH - works of eternity part(3): jr.f dj anx - that he might achieve given life mj - like ra - [god] Re Dt - forever He has built a monument to his father, Amun, lord of the thrones ofthe Two Lands, foremost of the western sacred area, the erection for him of his sacred place of the First Occasion and the making of it functional with work of eternity; since His Majesty has found it fallen to ruin so that he might achieve given-life like Re forever. 18.27 ORIENTATION: horizontal, right to left, normal TRANSLITERATION: D4:N35:I9-G17-Y5:W24*W24*W24-I9:N35-X1:I9-M17-Y5:N35-V30-W11*W11:W11- N17:N17-W18-D45:D21:X1-R14-X1:X1 S29-P6-D36:N35:I9-Q1-X1:O1-I9-D45:D21:X1-N35:X1-O34:Q3*O50-T8-S29- Y5:N35-Aa1:U22-S29-Z1-Z1-G17-D28:X1-A9-Y1:Z2-N35:X1-V28-N5-V28 M17-S29-X1-G28:N35-U36-A41-I9-V4-N31:D21-S40-G37 D4:I9-X8-S34-N5:Z1-W19-I10&X1:N17 line one D4:N35:I9 jr:n:f G17 m Y5:W24*W24*W24-I9 mn:{nw as a plural: w}-f N35 n X1:I9 t:f M17-Y5:N35 j-mn:n(complement) V30 nb W11*W11:W11 nst - repeated three times to form plural nswt N17:N17 tA - repeated twice to form the dual tAwy W18 xnt D45:D21:X1 Dsr:r(complement):t R14-X1:X1 jmnt-t(complement):t line two S29-P6-D36:N35:I9 s-aHa-a(complement):n:f Q1-X1:O1-I9 st-t(complement):{ Det PLACE}-f D45:D21:X1 Dsr:r(complement):t N35:X1 n:t O34:Q3*O50 z(complement):t(complement)* Phonogr zp in zp "occasion, event" T8 tp S29-Y5:N35-Aa1:U22 s-mn:n(complement)-x:{ Det in mnH "functional"} S29-Z1-Z1 s-y G17 m D28:X1-A9-Y1:Z2 kA:t-{ Det. LOAD, CARRY}-{Det CONCEPTS}:{ Det in PLURAL} N35:X1 n:t V28-N5-V28 H-{Det TIME}-H line three M17-S29-X1j-s-t G28:N35 gm:n U36-A41-I9 Hm-{ Det. KING}-f V4-N31 wA-{ Det ROAD, DISTANCE, POSITION } D21 r S40-G37 { Ideogr for wAs "staff" of this shape}-{ Det SMALL, BAD} line four D4:I9 jr.f X8 dj S34 anx N5:Z1-W19 ra:{ Used as ideogr of signs meant to be read as ideograms rather than phonograms}-mj I10&X1:N17 D&t:{Det in "eternity"} jr.n.f m mnw.f n (j)t(j).f jmn nb nswt tAwy xnt(j) jmntt saHa.n.f st.f Dsrt nt zp tp(j) smnx sy m kAwt nt nHH jst gm.n Hm.f wA(.w) r wAs jr.n.f dj anx mj re (n)HH VOCABULARY: line one jrj - verb, 3ai - "do, make" f - suffix pronoun, 3 sing masc m - preposition mnw - noun, m - "monument", false plural jtj - noun, m - "father" jmn - noun, proper name, masc - "Amun" nb - noun, m - "lord, master" nst - noun, f - "throne" tA - noun, m - "land" xntj - nisbe - "foremost, leader" Dsrt - adj, f - "holy, sacred" jmntt - nisbe - "those of the west" line two saHa - verb, c3lit - "erect, cause to stand" st - noun, f - "seat, throne" nt - genitival adjective, f zp - noun, m - "time" tpj - nisbe, m - "first, primal" smnx - verb, c3lit - "make functional\useful" sy - dependent pronoun, 3 sing fem kAt - noun, f - "work/works" nHH - noun, m - "forever", repetitive time? line three jst - proclitic particle gm - verb, 2lit - "find" Hm - noun, m - "Incarnation, Majesty" wAj - verb, 3ai - "fall" r - preposition wAs - infinitive verb, 4ai - "ruin" line four rdj - verb, anom - "give" anx - noun, m - "life" mj - preposition ra - noun, m - "Sun, Ra" Dt - noun, m - "forever", linear time? GRAMMAR: line one jr.j. m mnw.f n (j)t(j).f - see Allen, 18.7 jmn nb nswt tAwy - noun phrase in apposition to jtj. nb in apposition to jmn, nb nwst = direct genitive, nswt tAwy = direct genitive xmntj jmntt - direct genitive, in apposition to jmn line two saHa.n.f - perfect form of saHa. Allen construes this as an infinitive followed by a dative - "erecting = for him". I think either will work, the suffix pronoun .f alternates between describing the King and Amun. st.f - st is the object of saHa, f is direct genitive Dsrt - adjective describing st nt - indirect genitival adjective zp tpj - noun and nisbe in apposition smnx - Allen construes this as an infinitive in parallel with saHa. It could be a participle, but we haven't had those yet. Either way, translate it as an English progressive "making it functional" sy - object of smnx, agreeing with st. m kAwt - m of acquired status with the item acquiring the status kAwt nt nHH - indirect genitive, nt agreeing with kAwt line three gm.n Hm.f - perfect form of gm wa(.w) r wAs - I really wanted this to be wa(t) r wAs "a pathway to ruin", the whole thing being the object of gm. As it is, the stative ending refers all the way back to mnw. line four See Allen, 18.7 for this. mj ra - ra is in honorific transposition. TRANSLATION: line one: "He (the King) has made as a monument to his father Amun, Lord of the thrones of the Two Lands, Leader of those of the West" line two: "He set up his sacred seat of the primal time (time of creation), making it functional as a work of eternity line three: "His Incarnation found it fallen into ruin" line four: "May he (the King) have Life-given, like Re, forever. ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY 18.26 Date: Wed, 29 Nov 2006 20:33:00 -0600 18.26 (read left to right) MdC with JSesh shading codes for reconstructed hieroglyphs: D4:n:f#12-m-mn:nw*nw*nw-f:n-t:f-G5-nb-b-h:n-O49-D4:t-n:f-O15-H-b:t-W4 ... D4:f#1234-X8-S34-D:t:N17#1234 Transliteration with reconstructed text in brackets: [jr.n].f m mnw.f n (j)t(j).f Hrw nb bhn jrt n.f wsxt H(A)bt [jr.f] dj anx [Dt] He [made] as his monument to his father Horus, lord of Buhen the creation for him (of) a festival broad-hall [that he might achieve] given-life [forever]. Like the example in section 18.7, this inscription has a three part structure, each starting with a form of the word 'jrj'. This lets us fill in two of the missing hieroglyphs just by copying the first of the formula from the example. Likewise, we can append the missing 'Dt' at the end of the last line. Analysis, line by line: jr.n.f - perfect of the anom. verb jrj "He made", "He has made". m mnw.f - prepositional phrase "as his monument" n jtj.f - prepositional phrase "of his father" Hrw - noun "Horus" in apposition with 'jtj' nb - noun "lord" bhn - place name, glossed as "Buhen" in direct genitive with 'nb' jrt - infinitive of anom. verb jrj used as a noun "a making, creation" this is the object of the main verb in the perfect wsxt - noun "broad hall" in direct genitive with 'jrt' HAbt - adjective "festival" modifying 'wsxt', nisbe from HAb QUESTION? jr.f - translated as "that he may achieve" in section 18.7 maybe subjunctive? dj anx - "given life" Dt - "forever" The overall structure is a main clause in VSO order, just with big noun phrases as subject and object. The last line is a separate clause. 18.26 Glyphs: = (///)-f-m-mn-nw-nw-nw-f-n-t-f-Hrw-nb-b-h-n-DET-jr-t-n-f-wsxt-H-b-t-HAb/DE= T-. -(///)-dj-ank-(///) Grouped: (///).f m mnw.f n t.f Hrw nb bhn jrt n.f wsxt Hbt... (///) dj anx (///) then placing in weak consonants: (///).f m mnw.f n jtj.f Hrw nb bhn jrt n.f wsxt HAbt... (///) dj anx (///) Words: (///).f - fill in later m = in (the capacity of), as mnw = monument; mnw.f = his monument n = to/for jtj = father, jtj.f = his father Hrw = Horus nb = lord bhn = Buhen, a Nubian site (given) jrt < jr = do, make; jrt - infinitive, verbal noun = the doing, by extension = creation n.f = of/for him wsxt = broad-hall HAbt < nisbe from HAb = festival (given) or feast wsxt HAbt = (broad) feast/festival hall (///) - fill in later dj = give, put anx = life dj anx = given life (formula) (///) - fill later Now, to fill in the gaps, using text section 18.7 1. could be jr.n.f or jr.f = may he make or he has made this fits better with other perfects 2. & 3. - part of formula jr.f dj anx Dt = that he might achieve given-life forever Finally: He has made, as a monument for his father, Horus lord of Buhen, the creation for him a festival broad-hall . that he might achieve given-life forever 18.26 ORIENTATION: Horizontal, left to right, normal TRANSLITERATION: D4:N35:I9-G17-Y5:W24*W24*W24-I9:N35-X1:I9-G5-V30-D58-O4:N35-O49-D4:X1- N35:I9-O15-V28-D58:X1-W4-D4:I9-X8-S34-I10&X1:N17 D4:N35:I9 jr:n:f G17 m Y5:W24*W24*W24-I9 mn:{nw as a plural: w}-f N35 n X1:I9 t:f G5 Hrw V30 nb D58-O4:N35-O49 b-h:n-{ Det TOWN} D4:X1 jr:t N35:I9 n:f O15 wsxt V28-D58:X1-W4 H-b:t-{ Det FEAST. Ideogr for HAb "Feast"} D4:I9 jr:f X8 dj S34 anx I10&X1:N17 D:t:{ Det in Dt "eternity"} See Allen 18.7 for the jr.n.f m mnw.f formula. jr.n.f m mnw.f n (j)t(j).f Hrw nb bhn jrt n.f wsxt Hbt jr.f dj anx Dt VOCABULARY: For much of it, see Allen 18.7 bhn - noun, m - "Buhen", a town in Nubia wsxt - noun, f - "broad hall" Habt - nisbe (per Allen) - "festival" TRANSLATION: "He has made as a monument to his father, the Horus, Lord/Owner of Buhen "The creation for him of festival hall "That he might achieve life given for ever" 18.26 Read left to right. "The following is a damaged dedicatory inscription from a temple of Thutmose III in Nubia. Using section18.7, see if you can restore the lost hieroglyphs (indicated by hatching), transliterate, and translate." bhn "Buhen" (a Nubian site) H(A)bt - nisbe from HAb "festival" Transliteration: [jr.n].f m mnw.f n (j)t(j).f Hrw nb bhn jrt n.f wsxt H(A)bt...[jr.f] dj anx [Dt] Dissection: 1) [jr.n] = "has made" missing from inscription, retrieved from 18.7 2) .f = 3rd person singular masculine suffix pronoun 3) jr.n.f = "He [has made]" (perfect) 4) m = "as" 5) mnw.f = "monument" + 3rd person singular masculine suffix pronoun = "his monument" 6) n = "to" 7) (j)t(j).f = "father" + 3rd person singular masculine suffix pronoun = "his father" 8) Hrw = "Horus," i.e., "his father" (in apposition to Horus) 9) nb bhn = "Lord of Buhen" 10) m mnw.f n jtj.f Hrw bn bhn = "as his monument to his father Horus, Lord of Buhen" 11) jrt = "the creation" This is the translation from section 18.7. In that case, jrt would appear to be in this case a verbal noun related to the infinitive, literal "the doing" 12) n.f = "for him" 13) wsxt = "broad hall" 14) H(A)bt = "festival," a nisbe (derived adjective) from the noun HAb "festival" 15) wsxt HAbt = a festival-hall, a festival broad-hall, a broad festival-hall 16) [jr.f] = missing from inscription. Translated as"that he might achieve" in 18.7 17) dj anx = "given-life." Gardiner, in his EgyptianGrammar (section 378) gives the following explanation of dj anx: "This must be considered as a shortening of rdy n.f anx "to whom life is given" or perhaps rather of rdy anx.f "given that he live." English can similarly shorten to "given life." 18) Dt = "forever, eternally" Translation (taking cues from 18.7): He has made, as his monument to his father Horus, The lord of Buhen, the creation for him of a festival broad-hall...that he might achieve given-life forever. ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 18.24 Date: Wed, 29 Nov 2006 21:18:01 -0600 18.24 jn jw pA.n Hmwt TAz skjw Have women done the raising of troops in the past? jn converts the sentence into a question jw introductory particle pA.n = "done", perfect of 'pA' (2-lit.) Hmwt = "women", the subject of 'pA.n' TAz = "raising", infinitive, the object of 'pA.n' skjw = "troops", object of 'TAz' This sentence begins with 'jn jw'. This is the usual way of forming a predicate question with the perfect. In this type of question it is the action of the verb that is being questioned (§18.18). The verb is the perfect of 'pA', which Allen tells us means "to do in the past" and takes an infinitve as its object. It has a nominal subject 'Hmwt', "women". So this is "Have women done ... in the past?". The object of the verb (i.e. what has been done) is the infinitive 'TAz' "raising", which has its own object 'skjw', "troops". HMWK 18.24 read right to left jn jw pA Hmwt TAz sk(j)w Have the women done the raising of the troups in the past? jn jw interogative pA do in the past Hmwt noun women TAz verb 3-lit tie, know TAz sk(j)w raise troups ************************************************ HMWK 18.24 Transliteration: jn jw pA.n Hmwt TAz sk(j)w Translation: Have women done the raising of troops in the past (ever raised troops) jn jw = Have - particles used to introduce a predicate question (The perfect in questions 18.18) pA.n = done in the past - perfect Hmwt = plural noun women TAz skjw = raise troops 18.24 jn jw pA.n Hmwt TAz skjw jn jw = particles used to introduce a 'predicate question' (S18.18) pA = verb 2-lit = do in the past pA.n = perfect form of verb = done in the past Hmwt = noun = women TAz = verb 3-lit TAz skjw = raise troops (dictionary) Infinitive form used as object of 'pA' (given by Allen) TAz skjw = raising the troops jn jw pA.n Hmwt TAz skjw - as written = Have done in the past women raising the troopsfollowing the Verb-subject-object rule = Have women done in the past the raising of the troops = Have women done the raising of the troops in the past ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY 18.28 Date: Wed, 29 Nov 2006 20:35:52 -0600 18.28 There are three parts to this scene. Numbering the columns 1-5 from left to right, we have two sentences occupying columns 1 and 3 (the three columns on the left) where the hieroglyphs face to the right: Column 3: transliteration: dj.n.(j) n.k anx wAs nb Awt-jb nb ra nb translation: I have given you life and all dominion and all happiness every day. Without any proclitic particles or introductory words, this sentence begins immediately with 'dj.n.j'. This involves the perfect of the anomalous verb 'rdj'; here the base stem without 'r' is used. The subject of the sentence is given by the 1CS suffix pronoun 'j' ("I") which is not explicitly written here. The prepositional phrase 'n.k' is a dative and means "to you" (in my translation, I express this as an indirect object rather than a prepositional phrase). There are three objects of the verb here: 'anx' ("life"), ' wAs nb' ("all dominion"), and 'Awt-jb nb' ("all happiness"). The sentence concludes with the noun phrase 'ra nb' which means "every day"; this noun phrase is being used adverbially here (sec. 8.14). Column 2: Column 2 simply contains the name 'jmn-ra' ("Amun-Re"). I believe this is simply to identify the figure in the scene directly below. Column 1: transliteration: Dd mdw dj.n.(j) n.k (n)swyt ra Htpt nb DfAw nb snb nb mj ra Dt translation: Recitation: I have given you the kingship of Re, all offerings, all food, all health, like Re forever Column 1 begins at the top with 'Dd mdw'. 'Dd' is an infinitive from the 2-lit. verb 'Dd' ("say"), and 'mdw' means "words"; thus, 'Dd mdw' literally means "saying words", although the less literal "recitation" or similar is generally used. This expression is commonly used as a heading introducing a text or the speech of various participants in a scene (sec. 14.9); the latter is the case here. The text that follows 'Dd mdw' is a complete sentence. It begins immediately with 'dj.n.(j)' which involves the perfect of the anomalous verb 'rdj' ("give"); the base stem without 'r' is used. The subject of the sentence is the 1CS suffix pronoun 'j' ("I") which is not explicitly written. The prepositional phrase 'n.k' means "to you"; this dative immediately follows the verb form since it involves a suffix pronoun. There are four direct objects in this sentence. These are '(n)swyt ra' ("kingship of Re"), 'Htpt nb' ("all offerings"), 'DfAw nb' ("all food"), and 'snb nb' ("all health"). The sentence concludes with 'mj ra Dt'. The prepositional phrase 'mj ra' means "like Re". 'Dt' ("forever") is a noun used adverbially here. The glyphs occupying columns 4 and 5 (the last two columns on the right) aren't a complete sentence, but a list of names and titles. The glyphs in these columns face to the left, so column 4 is read before column 5: transliteration: (n)swt-bjt(j) nb tAwy nb xaw nb-mAat-ra zA ra n xt.f mr.f jmn-Htp HqA-wAst translation: The king of Upper and Lower Egypt, lord of the Two Lands, lord of appearance, Neb-maat-re; the son of Re incarnate, his beloved, Amenhotep hekawaset Most of these titles are discussed in essay 6. The name in the first cartouche (col. 4), 'mb-mAat-ra', follows '(n)swt-bjt(j)' and is thus the throne name (prenomen). The name in the second cartouche (col. 5), 'jmn-Htp HqA-wst', is the Son of Re name (nomen). Allen tells us that 'n xt.f' means "bodily", so that 'zA ra n xt.f' means "bodily Son of Re". This sounds like it means "Son of Re incarnate". 18/28 Offering scene showing Amun-Re and Amenhotep III. Amun-Re is the one in the big hat. (Well, actually, it's not a big hat; I think it's called a high crown with two plumes.) Amun started out as a local god of Thebes, but by the 18'th Dynasty he was just about a national deity as the composite god, Amun-Re. (from GODS AND MYTHS OF ANCIENT EGYPT, by Robert Armour) Amenhotep III was a pharaoh of the 18th dynasty who ruled for nearly 40 years (ca. 1386-1349 BCE). His reign was a prosperous and stable one, marked by the building of numerous temples, especially in Thebes. Not a lot of 'grammar' in this selection; composed almost entirely of a series of titles, epithets and wishes, most of which are discussed in Allen's essay in chapter 6. SECTION ALL THE WAY TO THE RIGHT (2 COLUMNS): (n)swt-bjt(j): literally, 'he of the Sedge and he of the Bee', a title naming the ruler as 'king of Upper and Lower Egypt'. nb tAwj: lord of the Two Lands (dual noun) nb xaw: lord of appearances NB-MAaT-Ra: the throne name - 'Lord of Re's Maat'. zA ra: son of Re n Xt.f: bodily zA ra n Xt.f - son of Re, in the flesh mr.f: his beloved (from the verb mrj - 'to want, to like') JMN-HTP: the birth name. Can be translated as 'Amun is pleased'. hqA-wAst: an epithet added to the birth name. 'Ruler of Thebes'. (hqA, commonly used to designate foreign rulers, could also be used in reference to the Egyptian ruler.) ---------- SECOND SECTION FROM THE RIGHT (1 COLUMN) dj.n.(j) n.k: perfect of the verb 'rdj' to give. "I have given to you." anx: life wAs: dominion anx wAs nb: all life and dominion Awt-jb: this expression derives from the adj-verb Awj, meaning 'long, extend'. To be 'long of heart' (Awj jb) meant 'to be happy'. The form was changed slightly (Awt-jb) to form the noun 'happiness'. Awt-jb nb: all happiness ra nb: every day ----- THIRD SECTION FROM THE RIGHT: jmn-ra: 'Amun-Re' ----- FOURTH SECTION FROM THE RIGHT: Dd.mdw: literally, 'saying words'. Can be translated as 'recitation'. Apparently here it introduces the text proper, after any other headings. See Allen, 14.9 dj.n.(j) n.k: perfect form - 'I have given to you'. (n)swyt ra: 'kingship of Re' Htpt nb: 'all offerings' Df(A)w nb: 'all food' snb nb: 'all health' mj ra Dt: 'like Re forever' Transliteration: Left column: Dd-mdw dj.n.(j) n.k (n)swyt ra Htpt nb Df(A)w nb snb nb mj ra Dt Translation: I have given you the kingship of Re, all offerings, all food and all health like Re forever Dd-mdw = Recitation serves as a kind of quotation and not meant to be read (14.9) dj.n.(j) n.k verb anom - perfect of verb give + n.j n.k I have given you (Perfect expressing completed action 18.7) (n)swyt = kingship ra = Re Htpt nb = all offerings Df(A)w nb = all food snb nb = all health mj ra = like Re Dt = forever Line 2: jmn-ra = Amun Re Line 3: dj.n.(j) n.k anx wAs nb Awt-jb nb ra nb I have given you all like and dominion and all happiness every day. dj.n.(j) n.k verb anom - perfect of verb give + n.j n.k I have given you (Perfect expressing completed action 18.7) anx wAs nb = all life and dominion Awt-jb nb = all happiness ra nb = every day Line 4: (n)swt-bjt(j) nb tAwj nb xaw nb mAat-ra zA ra n Xt.f jmn-Htp HqA wAst King of Upper and Lower Egypt, lord of the Two Lands, lord of appearance, Neb-maat-Re bodily son of Re, his beloved Amenhotep, ruler of Thebes (n)swt-bjt(j) = King of Upper and Lower Egypt noun phrase nb = lord - noun tAwy = Two lands nb = Lord xaw = appearance nb-mAat-ra = Neb-maat-Re (Lord of Re's Maat) zA = son - noun ra = Re nXt.f = bodily (belonging to his body) mr.f = his beloved jmn-Htp = Amunhotep HqA = ruler wAst = Thebes - noun ============================================================================== From: "KMOTC" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY COLLATION 18.22 Date: Wed, 29 Nov 2006 20:28:42 -0600 18.22 Glyphs: j-w-dj-n-T-w-Hm-DET-r-s-mr-DET-j-w-k-m-H-wn-DET-n-rnpt/Hsbt-t-10-10-6-jr- n-Hm-|-n-nw-nw-w-mA-jr-A-n-DET-T-w-m-j-q-r-DET-s-x-r-DET grouped: jw dj.n Tw Hm.j r smr jw.k m Hwn n rnpt 26 jr.n Hm(.j) nw mA.n.j Tw jqr sxr words: jw = particle dj.n < dj/rdj = give,put ; dj.n = has given; dj.n r = appoint to (an office) Tw = you Hm.j < Hm = incarnation; Hm.j = my incarnation r = to etc smr = courtier so: has given you, My incarnation, to courtier i.e.: My incarnation has given you to courtier better: My incarnation has appointed you to (the office of) courtier next: jw.k = introd. particle + you m = in (the position of)i.e. - predication Hwn = youth; n = of rnpt 26 = 26 years so: you (are) a youth of 26 years next: jr.n < jrj = do; jr.n = has done Hm.j = My incarnation nw = this mA.n.j < mAA = see; mA.n.j = I have seen Tw = you jqr sxr = excellent of advice/conduct/position (nrf Hr construction) so: has done, My incarnation, this you excellent of advice/conduct/position i.e.: My incarnation has done this (since) your advice/conduct/position is excellent Finally, all together: My incarnation has appointed you to (the office of) courtier you a youth of 26 years; My incarnation has done this (since) your advice/ conduct/position is excellent. **************************************** 18.22 transliteration: jw dj.n Tw Hm.j r smr jw.k m Hwn n rnpt 26 jr.n Hm.(j) nw mA.n.j Tw m jqr sxr translation: My Incarnation has appointed you as a courtier, although you are a youth of 26 years; My Incarnation did this, because I have seen you as one excellent of conduct. There are two sentences in this exercise. The first is 'jw dj.n Tw Hm.j r smr jw.k m Hwn n rnpt 26', which starts off with the independent clause 'jw dj.n Tw Hm.j r smr'. It begins with the procilitic particle 'jw'. This is then followed by 'dj.n' which is the perfect of the anomalous 3ae-inf. verb 'rdj'; here, the base stem without the 'r' is used. The subject of the clause is 'Hm.j' which is here translated by "My Incarnation". The object of the verb is the 2MS dependent pronoun 'Tw' ("you"); the direct object precedes the subject in the word order since the subject is expressed by a noun, but the object is expressed by a pronoun. Last we have the prepositional phrase 'r smr'. According to the dictionary at the back of the book, the combination 'rdj r' means "appoint", so 'rdj r smr' means "appoint as a courier". Thus the clause means "My incarnation has appointed you as a courier". The first sentence is concluded by the dependent clause 'jw.k m Hwn n rnpt 26'. This is an unmarked adverb clause with an adverbial predicate. The subject of this clause is the 2MS suffix pronoun 'k' ("you"). Since the subject is pronominal, it requires some kind of particle to attach the pronoun to; this role is played here by the particle 'jw'. The predicate of this clause is the prepositional phrase 'm Hwn n rnpt 26'. 'Hwn' means "youth" and 'rnpt' means "year", so 'Hwn nr rnpt 26' means "youth of 26 years". 'm' here is the "m of predication", so 'jw.k m Hwn n rnpt 26' in and of itself means "you are q youth of 26 years". In this sentence, this clause is an adverb clause used to describe the circumstances of the main clause. Since 26 years old is evidently a young age at which to be a courtier, we translate the first sentence as "My Incarnation has appointed you a courtier, although you are a youth of 26 years". The second sentence in this exercise is 'jr.n Hm.(j) nw mA.n.j Tw m jqr sxr'. This begins with the independent clause 'jr.n Hm.(j) nw'. Without any introductory words or particles, this sentence begins with 'jr.n' which is the perfect of the 3ae-inf. verb 'jrj'; the perfect is formed using the base stem of the verb. The subject of the clause is 'Hm.(j)' (the 1CS suffix pronoun is not explicitly written, but is inferred from the meaning of 'Hm' in this context and the appearance of 'Hm.j' in the first clause) which is translated as "My Incarnation". The object of the clause is the demonstrative pronoun 'nn' ("this"). The second sentence is concluded by the dependent clause 'mA.n.j Tw m jqr sxr'. This is an unmarked adverb clause with a verbal predicate where the verb is in the perfect. Without any introductory particles or words, the clause begins with 'mA.n.j'. This involves the perfect of the 2ae-gem. verb 'mAA ("see"); as is the more common case for the verb 'mAA', the base stem 'mA' is used in forming the perfect (as opposed to the geminated stem). The 1CS suffix pronoun 'j' is the subject of the clause ("I"). The direct object is the 2MS dependent pronoun 'Tw' ("you"). The clause ends with the prepositional phrase 'm jqr sxr'. 'jqr' means "excellent" and 'sxr' can mean "conduct"; 'jqr sxr' is a nfr Hr construction that thus means "(one who is) excellent of conduct". The preposition 'm' here means "as" in the sense of "as someone or something". Thus this clause in and of itself means "I have seen you as one excellent of conduct". Since this adverb clause is meant to explain why "My Incarnation" did what he did, we prepend the word "because". The entire second sentence is then translated "My Incarnation did this, because I have seen you as one excellent of conduct". 18.22 This longish sentence is made up of TWO complex sentences. Each complex sentence has a main clause and a subordinate clause. Sentence #1, main clause jw dj.n Tw Hm.j r smr dj.n - this is the perfect of the verb 'rdj', to give. This verb has two bases that can be used in the perfect. Here it uses the shorter of the two ('dj') with the '.n' marker of the perfect. dj.n Hm.j - 'My Incarnation has given' The verb 'rdj', used with the preposition 'r' has the meaning 'to appoint (to a post)' smr - noun, 'courtier' jw dj.n Hm.j Tw r smr 'My Incarnation has appointed you (2 masc sing) to the post of courtier' The dependent pronoun 'Tw' is used as the direct object of the verb. Note: the perfect of a TRANSITIVE verb can be used to express action as a past tense. As here, it is commonly introduced by the particle 'jw'. (Allen, 18.9) Sentence #1, subordinate clause Hwn - youth rnpt - year Hwn n rnpt 26 - a youth of 26 years of age jw.k m Hwn n rnpt 26 you are (as a) youth of 26 years of age. This structure is the 'm of predication' (Allen 10.6). This clause (which is unmarked; it looks the same as an independent sentence) functions as an adverb. It describes a circumstance that applies to the main clause. Here it has a concessive force: "Even though you were (only) a youth of 26". See Allen 12.7 Sentence #2, main clause jrj - verb, 'to do, to make' jr.n - base stem of the verb, with the .n marker of the perfect. jr.n Hm.j - 'My Incarnation made/did' nw - neutral demonstrative pronoun of the 'pw-tw-nw' series, meaning 'this', or 'it'. See 5.9, second paragraph. It is the object of the verb in the perfect. Sentence #2, subordinate clause mAA - to see mA.n.j - I have seen / I saw (using the base stem) mA.n.j Tw - I have seen you. (Tw is the 2ms dependent pronoun) jqr - adjective, 'excellent', 'successful'. sxr - noun, 'conduct', 'method', 'plan' jqr sxr - (one who is) excellent of conduct. See Allen 6.5 mA.n.j Tw m jqr sxr I have seen you as one who is excellent of conduct. This unmarked subordinate clause modifies the main clause, and tells WHY the god's Incarnation did what he did. In translation it can be introduced by the word 'because' or 'for'. 18.22 Transliteration: jw dj.n Tw Hm.j r smr jw.k m Hwn n rnpt 26 jr.n Hm(.j) nw mA.n.j Tw jqr sxr Dissection: 1) jw = introductory particle 2) dj.n = "has given," perfect form of rdj/dj (verb anom.) "give, put" 3) Tw = dependent 2nd person masculine singular pronoun, object of dj.n 4) Hm.j = "My Incarnation," i.e., the king. Subject of the clause. 5) r = "to," preposition 6) smr = "courtier" 7) jw dj.n Tw Hm.j r smr = literally, "My Incarnationhas given you to a courtier." At first glance, this might appear to be talking about a slave or servant being given "to a courtier." However, the phrase "dj.n r" actually means "has been appointed to (a position)." Therefore, this clause can be translated as "My Incarnation has appointed you a courtier." 8) jw.k = introductory particle + .k (2nd person masculine singular pronoun, refers to the Tw in theprevious clause) 9) m = "m of predication" (10.6) 10) Hwn = "(a) youth" 11) n = indirect genitive, "of" 12) rnpt 26 = "26 years" 13) jr.n = "has done," perfect form of jrj (verb 3ae-inf.) "act, do" 14) Hm(.j) = "My Incarnation," i.e., the king. Subject of the clause. 15) nw = demonstrative pronoun (5.8), "that, this" 16) mA.n.j = "has seen," perfect form of mAA (2ae-gem) "see" + 1st person singular suffix pronoun 17) Tw = dependent 2nd masculine singular pronoun, of mA.n.j 18) jqr = "excellent" 19) sxr = "conduct, advice" 20) jqr sxr = "one who is excellent of conduct/advice," a nfr Hr construction (6.5) 21) mA.n.j Tw jqr sxr = "because I have seen you are one excellent of advice." (18.11) Translation: Literal: My Incarnation has appointed you a courtier. You are a youth of 26 years. My Incarnation has done this (because) I have seen you, one excellent of advice. Paraphrase: My Incarnation has appointed you, a youth of twenty-six years, as a courtier. I have done this because I have seen you are one whose conduct is excellent. ============================================================================== From: "Jim" To: "'Ancient Egyptian Language List'" Subject: RE: AEL Dictionaries. Date: Thu, 30 Nov 2006 14:16:18 -0000 Nigel Strudwick provides a search tool for the Beinlich Worterliste at http://www.newton.cam.ac.uk/egypt/beinlich/beinform.html Jim Ashton ============================================================================== Date: Thu, 30 Nov 2006 18:36:12 -0600 From: Robert Myers To: Ancient Egyptian Language List Subject: Re: AEL Dictionaries. Chris Busch has done an English version of the Beinlich list. And, though I prefer Dr. Brigatti's computer dictionary, Busch's Hieropreter program has something like 40,000 entries, if I remember correctly. With some help, I got it running on a Mac, and it installs on XP with Java much more nicely. I know that Budge is reviled, today, as he was primarily an Assyriologist who resisted the adoption of the Semitic transliteration font for Egyptian. Yet, his dictionary in English was the foundation for the one by Hannig in German, and it is affordable and highly useful. I go to Faulkner, first. But, I have found instances where Budge's dictionary is correct in instances where Faulkner's smaller one is not. And, it is typeset. ============================================================================== From: "raymond usher-cooper." To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: AEL Further to AEL Dictionaries. Date: Fri, 1 Dec 2006 12:14:12 -0000 Robert Myers wrote:- I know that Budge is reviled, today, as he was primarily an Assyriologist who resisted the adoption of the Semitic transliteration font for Egyptian. Yet, his dictionary in English was the foundation for the one by Hannig in German, and it is affordable and highly useful. I go to Faulkner, first. But, I have found instances where Budge's dictionary is correct in instances where Faulkner's smaller one is not. And, it is typeset. ==================================== I agree: I omitted to mention the 2 volume Budge dictionary simply because I know that for many people he is now, unjustifiably so in my opinion, 'persona non grata'. His work and writing was wide ranging and extensive though some of it is now, quite naturally, considered to be out of date and inaccurate. However, unlike many of his contemporaries, he did publish and tried to bring Egyptian studies to a wider public. One scarcely hears his name mentioned now unless it is to express criticism of his work in some shape or form and, as one would expect, few of the critics have read anything he wrote. Mark Wilson has agreed to add a link to Luca Brigatti's Hieroword dictionary on the AEL links page. Also on the same site there is a small 'flashcard' program which can be helpful in memorising the various glyphs ============================================================================== Date: Fri, 1 Dec 2006 15:40:11 -0800 From: To: Ancient Egyptian Language List Subject: Re: AEL Dictionaries. Cc: Robert Myers > Chris Busch has done an English version of the Beinlich list. And, > though I prefer Dr. Brigatti's computer dictionary, Busch's Hieropreter > program has something like 40,000 entries, if I remember correctly. > With some help, I got it running on a Mac, and it installs on XP with > Java much more nicely. I know that Budge is reviled, today, as he was > primarily an Assyriologist who resisted the adoption of the Semitic > transliteration font for Egyptian. Yet, his dictionary in English was > the foundation for the one by Hannig in German, and it is affordable and > highly useful. I go to Faulkner, first. But, I have found instances > where Budge's dictionary is correct in instances where Faulkner's > smaller one is not. And, it is typeset. I own Budge and, notwithstanding the multitude of errors, it is extremely helpful and contains so much material not in Faulkner. A word to those who are just beginning to use it: several of the transliterations are wrong (or at least suspect), but if you use some common sense, sometimes you can find the word you want. For instance, Budge might place a semi-vowel at the beginning of a word, where Faulkner does not, or vice versa. So sometimes if you rummage around, you can find the word you want, just under a slightly different (incorrect?) transliteration. John Corridan ============================================================================== Date: Fri, 01 Dec 2006 14:46:54 -0500 From: Paul To: Ancient Egyptian Language List Subject: AEL Re: Dictionaries This would be a good time to present my take on dictionaries. I couldn't find a dictionary set up the way I wanted, to help in reading texts, so I made my own, starting with Mark Vygus's word list. What I wanted was an Egyptian/English dictionary that was in spelling order (like every other dictionary on the planet) instead of in phonetic order. The only obvious way of ordering hieroglyphs was by the Gardiner classification system so I figured out a way to do that. Then I needed to put high-quality glyphs on each word without a lot of hand-editing , and that took a bit of thought as well. It isn't finished yet (as explained in the introduction) but you can see the state of it so far at this link: www.twonotes.com/hg/dictionary.pdf A caution before you rush off to download it over a dialup connection - the file is 19.2 MB in size and if you printed out the whole thing it would be over 300 pages long. The intended way to use this is on a computer where you can use your PDF viewer's "find" command to look things up by MDC code or English words, while still being able to use the human eye's ability to find patterns in the glyphs. This dictionary is intended to primarily help people reading texts, as opposed to studying historical linguistics or tracking the change in the language over time. The idea is you can go directly from glyphs to English without making a side trip into phonetics and transliteration (which are all approximations anyway). -Paul Dickson ============================================================================== From: "Nick Mills" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: RE: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY 18.26 Date: Sun, 3 Dec 2006 18:02:13 -0000 > QUESTION? > > jr.f - translated as "that he may achieve" in section 18.7 > maybe subjunctive? > > Yes. In note 10 below §18.7 Allen says this is a verb form discussed in the next chapter. The subject of that chapter is indeed the subjunctive. ============================================================================== From: "Nick Mills" To: "Ancient Egyptian Language List" Subject: RE: AEL ALLEN GLYPHSTUDY 18.25 Date: Sun, 3 Dec 2006 18:01:18 -0000 > -----Original Message----- > > jnk aA m nwt.f Sps m pr.f > = I am one who is important in his town > and noble in his house > ............ > jwt(j) = negative relative adjective (S18.17 & S12.9) > = who not, which not > sDr = perfect of verb 3-lit = lie down, sleep > jwt(j) sDr.n = (who) do not lie down = VERB > r(m)T = noun = people = SUBJECT > Spt = verb 3-lit = get angry > Spt.(w) = verb + stative suffix = angered > r.f = preposition + suffix pronoun = at him > Spt.(w) r.f = angered at him = OBJECT > > Word order = VsdoSOA > Subject = people > Verb = lie down; negated = do not lie down > Object = angered at him > jwt(j) sDr.n r(m)T Spt.(w) r.f = people do not lie down angered at him > > jnk aA m nwt.f Sps m pr.f .. jwt(j) sDr.n r(m)T Spt.(w) r.f > I am one great in his town and noble in his house > . people do not lie down angry with him > > QUESTION: > > (Allen says 'one at whom people do not go to bed angry' > but I don't know why 'one at whom' unless it fits in with > previous clauses) The second half of this sentence starts with 'jtwj', which is the negative counterpart of 'ntj' and introduces a relative clause. So in translation we would expect to start with some form of "who", or "which" or "that". In the first half of this sentence the subject is 'jnk' and there are two descriptions of the subject. Each starts with an adjective used as a noun. E.g. "a great one" or "one who is great". 'jwtj' is also an adjective and it makes sense to interpret this clause in the same way, with the relative adjective used as a noun and meaning "one who" (§12.7). Since 'rmT' is the subject of 'sDr·n', and not 'jwtj', this is an indirect relative clause. In such clauses there will usually be a coreferrent pronoun which stands for whatever 'jwtj' refers to (see §§12.2, 12.5) - in this case the unspecified antecedent which is translated "one". Here the coreferrent is '.f' the object of the preposition 'r'. Informally we have "one who people do not lie down angry at (him)". To obtain a more formal and grammatically correct version we follow the procedure outlined in §12.5. The coreferrent is dropped, the relative word "who" is modified - the form depends on the coreferrent, and the pronoun is moved before the relative word. When the coreferrent (and hence "who") refers to a person an is the object of a pronoun "who" becomes "whom". So we get "one at whom ...". Compare the final example in §18.17 which also has an indirect relative clause with the negated perfect, although there 'jwtj' does have an antecedent. ==============================================================================